Fog computing is emerging as a promising paradigm to perform distributed, low-latency computation by jointly exploiting the radio and computing resources of end-user devices and cloud servers. However, the dynamic and distributed formation of local fog networks is highly challenging due to the unpredictable arrival and departure of neighboring fog nodes. Therefore, a given fog node must properl...

Approximately 50% of people with Parkinson disease experience freezing of gait, described as a transient inability to produce effective stepping. Complex gait tasks such as turning typically elicit freezing more commonly than simple gait tasks, such as forward walking. Despite the frequency of this debilitating and dangerous symptom, the brain mechanisms underlying freezing remain unclear. Gait...

Freezing of gait (FOG) can be assessed by clinical and instrumental methods. Clinical examination has the advantage of being available to most clinicians; however, it requires experience and may not reveal FOG even for cases confirmed by the medical history. Instrumental methods have an advantage in that they may be used for ambulatory monitoring. The aim of the present study was to describe an...

Dryland ecosystems cover 40% of the total land surface on Earth and are defined broadly as zones where precipitation is considerably less than the potential evapotranspiration. Nonrainfall waters (for example, fog and dew) are the least-studied and least-characterized components of the hydrological cycle, although they supply critical amounts of water for dryland ecosystems. The sources of nonr...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, debilitating feature of Parkinson disease (PD), substantially affecting the patient’s quality of life by limiting independence and causing falls. Although it occurs most frequently in the later stages of PD, it is also seen in 26% of earlystage patients not yet exposed to levodopa. Since FOG lacks correlation with bradykinesia, a nondopaminergic mechanism may...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a gait disorder featured by recurrent episodes of temporary gait halting and mainly found in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). FOG has a severe impact on the quality of life of patients with PD. The pathogenesis of FOG is unclear and considered to be related to several brain areas and neural circuits. Its close connection with cognitive disorder has been proposed and ...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a poorly understood symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) during which a patient suffers an abrupt cessation of walking [1]. Whilst little consensus exists regarding the mechanisms underlying FOG [2], there is considerable evidence that additional cognitive demand whilst walking represents a significant trigger in the pathophysiology of FOG [2]. In addition, the severity...

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an important concept for sharing spatial data across the web. With cumulative techniques with spatial cloud computing and fog computing, SDI has the greater potential and has been emerged as a tool for processing, analysis and transmission of spatial data. The Fog computing is a paradigm where Fog devices help to increase throughput and reduce latency at the...

Detecting objects of interest and obtaining their clear visual appearances are critical requirements for visual surveillance systems. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to detect foreground objects from video sequences with fog and then enhance their visibilities. First, we propose a novel metric to measure the image fog property to decide whether the image scene is obscured by fog or n...

How do the colors of surfaces seen through fog depend on the chromatic properties of the fog? Prior work (e.g. Chen and D'Zmura, 1998 Perception 27 595-608) shows that the colors of surfaces seen through a transparent filter can be described by a convergence model. The convergence model takes into account color shift and change in contrast. Whether the convergence model can also be applied to f...