The Data Availability Statement appearing with the published article is incorrect. The correct Data Availability Statement should read: There are legal restrictions on the student outcome data. National Child Measurement Programme data was used as determined by the data sharing agreement with the then Information Centre of the National Health Service (NHS IC), now Health and Social Care Informa...

This paper investigates subset normalization to adjust for location biases (e.g., splotches) combined with global normalization for intensity biases (e.g., saturation). A data set from a toxicogenomic experiment using the same control and the same treated sample hybridized to six different microarrays is used to contrast the different normalization methods. Simple t-tests were used to compare t...

In comparing the mean count of two independent samples, some practitioners would use the t-test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test while others may use methods based on a Poisson model. It is not uncommon to encounter count data that exhibit overdispersion where the Poisson model is no longer appropriate. This paper deals with methods for overdispersed data using the negative binomial distribution r...

To evaluate commercially available diagnostic kits for human immunoglobulin G to Toxoplasma gondii, we purchased three enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Cordia-T, Toxo Bio-EnzaBead, and Toxoelisa), two indirect hemagglutination (IHA) (TPM-Test and ToxHAtest), one fluoroimmunoassay (Toxoplasma-G FIAX), and one latex agglutination (Eiken Toxotest-MT) kit from U.S. suppliers. A total of 100 serum specimen...

BACKGROUND The Kato-Katz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni, but shows low sensitivity in light-intensity infections. We assessed the accuracy of a commercially available point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test for the diagnosis of S. mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after praziquantel administration. METHODOLOGY A 3-week ...

The most elementary statistical test is the paired samples t-test with just two pairs. Here the data set to be analysed consists of two numbers (the two paired differences), and the statistical test examines whether the population mean is zero. This test can be derived in a surprisingly fast and intuitive manner by plotting one number against the other on a piece of graph paper, then joining th...

Although admittedly transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection through breastfeeding is a rare event, it involves serious risks. To test the effectiveness of pasteurization in preventing this mode of infection, three sets of samples of human milk were tested: a - contaminated with T. cruzi and pasteurized; b - contaminated with T. cruzi and non-pasteurized; c - non-contaminated and pasteurized...

since the emergence of the process-oriented approach in second language writing instruction, the issues of writing instruction have been predominantly concerned with what and how error feedback should be given to the students’ writing. the present study investigated the effect of explicit corrective feedback on writing accuracy of iranian intermediate efl learners (n = 44) in hamedan islamic az...

BACKGROUND Infectious disease marker testing is obligatory for the release of human tissue for transplantation. Most CE-marked tests are not validated for postmortem blood. In a previous study we have validated the testing for anti-HIV-1/2, anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-HBc. Here, we present the validation of testing for antibodies against T. pallidum, which is the last marker obligatory for tissue...

The present study was conducted to explore the achievement motivation level in the employees of Pakistan. A sample of 205 employees ( Mean age 32.40; SD 8.62) of Pakistan working in different Govt. departments was taken by convenient purposive sampling method. For the purpose of measurement achievement motivation scale by (Spencer & Helmreich 1983) was used. Independent samples t test revealed ...