As explained by Axelrod in his seminal work An Evolutionary Approach to Norms, punishment is a key mechanism to achieve the necessary social control and to impose social norms in a self-regulated society. In this paper, we distinguish between two enforcing mechanisms. i.e. punishment and sanction, focusing on the specific ways in which they favor the emergence and maintenance of cooperation. Th...

We propose a social coherence-based model and simulation framework to study the dynamics of multi-agent organizations. This model rests on the notion of social commitment to represent all the agents’ explicit inter-dependencies including roles and organizational structures. A local coherentist approach is used that, along with a sanction policy, ensures social control in the system and the emer...

abstract the aim of this study is of the effect of structural changes in higher education on changes of output in sistan and baluchestan province using structural decomposition analysis (sda). the input-output tables of this region for the period 2006-2011 have been employed as the database of the model. the structural changes were decomposed into two factors: changes in share of specific secto...

abstract in this paper, income per capita convergence hypothesis is tested in selected oic countries. for this purpose, we use the time series model and univariate kpss stationary test with multiple structural breaks (carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005)) over the period 1950-2008. the results show that most oic countries could not catch up toward usa. although because of some positive term of tra...

Article history: Received 29 March 2013 Available online 10 February 2014 JEL classification: C72 D83 D85

Article history: Received 30 November 2007 Available online 31 August 2011 JEL classification: D82 D83

Article history: Received 3 September 2010 Available online 21 June 2011 JEL classification: C72 D82