Fundamental understanding of micro-mechanical behaviors in bitumen, including phase separation, micro-friction, micro-abrasion, etc., can help the pavement engineers better understand the bitumen mechanical performances at macroscale. Recent researches show that the microstructure evolution in bitumen will directly affect its surface structure and micro-mechanical performance. In this study, th...

The recycling of waste tires is a major environmental problem facing mankind, and the addition crumbed tire rubber (CWTB) to base asphalt an extremely promising method. However, modification mechanism CWTB not well understood, which restricts development modified asphalt. In this study, was explored by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM...

In this study, surfactants were used to enhance heavy oil–solid separation, and a detailed mechanism was explored by SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) analysis, element AFM measurement, molecular dynamic simulation. Surfactants could effectively decrease oil/solid interaction force then separation would be enhanced. The interactive in relation concentration, pH value, asphaltene ...

Abstract. It is known that the ionospheric cross polar cap potential (CPCP) saturates when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz becomes very large. Few studies have offered physical explanations as to why the polar cap potential saturates. We present 13 events in which the reconnection electric field (REF) goes above 12 mV/m at some time. When these events are examined as typically done i...

The distribution of radioactivity among molecular species of inositol, choline, serine, and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was studied in whole bovine retinas and in microsomes from retinas incubated with [3H]glycerol, [3H]inositol, or [3H]serine, in the presence and absence of propranolol. Most of the labeled glycerol was incorporated into docosahexaenoate-containing molecular species (hexa...

The samples of DaGang atmospheric residue (DG-AR), Middle East atmospheric residue (ME-AR), TaHe atmospheric residue (TH-AR), and their thermal reaction samples were chosen for study. All the samples were fractioned into six components separately, including saturates plus light aromatics, heavy aromatics, light resins, middle resins, heavy resins, and asphaltenes. The dielectric permittivity of...

Episodic hypoxia induces a persistent augmentation of respiratory activity, termed long-term facilitation (LTF). Phrenic LTF saturates in anesthetized animals such that additional episodes of stimulation cause no further increase in LTF magnitude. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1) ventilatory LTF also saturates in awake rats and 2) more severe hypoxia and hypoxic episodes increase...

The problems of catalyst deactivation and optimization the mixed feedstock become more relevant when residues are involved as a catalytic cracking feedstock. Through numerical experimental studies cracking, we optimized composition in order to minimize by coke. A pure vacuum gasoil increases yields wet gas gasoline (56.1 24.9 wt%). An increase ratio up 50% reduces yield due 19.9%. However, this...

Large-scale magnetic fields in galaxies are thought to be generated by a turbulent dynamo. However the same turbulence also leads to a small-scale dynamo which generates magnetic noise at a more rapid rate. The efficiency of the large-scale dynamo depends on how this noise saturates. We examine this issue taking into account ambipolar drift, which obtains in a galaxy with significant neutral ga...

Dietary arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) utilization in-vivo for carbon recycling into de-novo lipogenesis and conversion to n-6 long chain polyunsaturates was investigated in baboon neonates using [U-(13)C]20:4n-6. Neonates consuming a formula typical of human milk received a single oral dose of [(13)C]arachidonic acid in sn-2 position of either triglyceride or phosphatidylcholine at 18-19 days of p...