background & aim: arteriovenous fistula (avf) is one of the inevitable elements in the take care of patients on hemodialysis. pain of avf puncture is a real problem for patients. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inhalation of lavender aromatherapy on pain intensity of arteriove-nous fistula puncture in patients on heamodialysis. methods & materials: in this before and after...

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is regarded as one of the representative network architectures of Future Internet. In this paper, an information-centric architecture called Content-Scent based Architecture (CSAR) will be proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. In CSAR, each content has its special content-scent and can be found by tracing the scent it spreads over the network. The content-sce...

BACKGROUND Differences in floral traits, such as petal color, scent, morphology, or nectar quality and quantity, can lead to specific interactions with pollinators and may thereby cause reproductive isolation. Petunia provides an attractive model system to study the role of floral characters in reproductive isolation and speciation. The night-active hawkmoth pollinator Manduca sexta relies on o...

BACKGROUND The agitated behaviours that accompany dementia (e.g. pacing, aggression, calling out) are stressful to both nursing home residents and their carers and are difficult to treat. Increasingly more attention is being paid to alternative interventions that are associated with fewer risks than pharmacology. Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) has been thought, for centuries, to have soothin...

Floral scent has been studied extensively in the model plant Petunia. However, little is known about the intracellular fate of scent compounds. Here, we characterize the glycosylation of phenylpropanoid scent compounds in Petunia x hybrida. This modification reduces scent compounds' volatility, reactivity, and autotoxicity while increasing their water-solubility. Gas chromatography-mass spectro...

The aim of the study was comparing the chemical composition of the essential oils from five varieties of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.), and its biological activity against two pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the comparison we included the following varieties: 'Munstead', 'Munstead Strain', 'Lavender Lady', 'Ellegance Purple' and 'Blue River'. Sel...

Most mammals scent-mark and a variety of hypotheses have been put forward to explain this behaviour. Differences in the main function of scent-marking between species are likely to be related to differences in social systems. Here, we investigate the functions of scent-marking in a cooperatively breeding carnivore. In the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), individuals of both sexes commonly breed ...

Human scent evidence can be of critical use in many cases where other types of evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, or fibers are not available. The use of canines within the area of law enforcement scent detection and forensic science often involves locating general human scent but is increasingly related to their ability to correctly match a human scent sample with its originating subject. Var...