OBJECTIVE The biomechanics of the head for punches to the jaw and the risk of head injury from translational and rotational acceleration were studied. [figure: see text] METHODS Seven Olympic boxers from five weight classes delivered 18 straight punches to the frangible face of the Hybrid III dummy. Translational and rotational head acceleration, neck responses, and jaw pressure distribution ...

The small punch test is widely used to characterize the ductility and fracture resistance in metals and ceramics, when only a small volume of material is available. This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of the small punch test for characterizing polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymeric biomaterials for changes in material grade, crystallinity, and molding process. The small punch...

There are changes afoot in the way that US granting agencies, most notably the NIH, evaluate proposals. Change can be a good thing, and it is probably high time that the NIH reassessed how grants are evaluated. Frankly, I was becoming blasé about the entire granting process. It seemed that once I became inured to the low probability of funding, competition from the mega-labs, and the shift towa...

Digital punch cutting is today’s font technology. There are three different methods available for getting alphabets into digital form : hand-digitizing, auto-tracing and direct design on a workstation screen. The advent of intelligent font scaling requires us to ensure the ‘optical’ quality of a font and also the ‘numerical’ quality of its data; this, in turn, means that new procedures have to ...

Ability to accurately detect an active infection depends largely on the high accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of a diagnostic test. There is no single tool that meets criteria been simple, measurable, accurate, repeatable timely (SMART). Combining screening confirmation tests have relied upon in determining true epidemiological situation ongoing ivermectin or Mectizan® treatment intervent...

PURPOSE To delineate three-dimensionally the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lamina cribrosa, scleral flange, and peripapillary sclera, to determine the position and thickness of these structures within digital three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of the monkey optic nerve head (ONH). METHODS The trephinated ONH and peripapillary sclera from both eyes of three monkeys with early gla...

To characterize the material properties of posterior and peripapillary sclera from human donors, and to investigate the macro- and micro-scale strains as potential control mechanisms governing mechanical homeostasis. Posterior scleral shells from 9 human donors aged 57-90 years were subjected to IOP elevations from 5 to 45mmHg and the resulting full-field displacements were recorded using laser...

This case series examines the magnitude and regional variation in scleral lens–induced corneal edema postradial keratotomy (RK) eyes. Scheimpflug imaging was used to measure thickness across central 6 mm before after lens wear nine post-RK eyes (median age 64 years). Variations were examined as a function of distance from center (six 0.5-mm annuli) 0° 360°. The median 2.19% (interquartile range...

A scleral contact lens lies on the sclera, not cornea, which differs from a rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens, and has shown successful clinical outcomes in patients unable to tolerate glasses or RGP lenses because of severely deformed cornea. In addition, forms tear film between cornea that stabilizes ocular surface could be useful therapeutic option. The mini-scleral is option for visual improve...

A 66-year-old man presented with massive bilateral scleral thickening and calcification associated with a unilateral exudative retinal detachment which did not respond to systemic anti-inflammatory agents including steroids and cyclophosphamide but improved with scleral resection. This patient shows the features of both posterior scleritis and the uveal effusion syndrome, providing further evid...