many experimental studies have been conducted on development of the scour hole as a result of vertical jet impaction. research has shown that aeration of the nappe flow in the model is much weaker than that in the prototype. therefore, the influence of aeration on scour holes needs further study. experimental investigation of the effects of air entrainment and tail water depth on the scour hole...

Physical models have suggested a large reduction in bearing capacity of simple foundations due to overtopping tsunami scour. We use the results these tests create scoured foundation geometries for breakwater-type structures and investigate change system’s scour through two-dimensional (2D) numerical analysis using an advanced constitutive model. The particular aspects construction such general ...

A scour monitoring system for subsea pipeline based on active thermometry is proposed in this paper. The temperature reading of the proposed system is based on a distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing technique. A thermal cable acts as the main component of the system, which consists of a heating belt, armored optical fibers and heat-shrinkable tubes which run parallel to the pipeline. Th...

Scour is a significant issue for bridges worldwide that influences the global stiffness of bridge structures and hence alters dynamic behaviour these systems. For first time, this article presents new approach to detect scour at shallow pad foundations, using decentralized modal analysis through re-deployable accelerometers extract information. A numerical model with four simply supported spans...

scour around hydraulic structures is an inevitable phenomenon . recognition of this phenomenon and dealing with it is an issue considering which will ensure the project success . local scour at piers has been reported as the most important factor in the destruction of the bridges . the use of submerged and non-submerged piles is one of the scour control methods . submerged piles have been rarel...

Failures of barrages or regulators or parts of them may be expected when excessive scour patterns are observed downstream of such structures. Severe and excessive scour may be largely due to unsymmetric operation of gates especially when a multi-vents barrages or regulator is being considered. Previous investigations proved that the scour patterns downstream hydraulic structures are functions o...

To address the shortcomings of solid collar, mainly potential risk deformation and damage due to its weight after overhanging above river bed caused by local scour, a lighter form scour reduction measure, permeable was proposed. The aim reduce depth around cylindrical piers, total 20 tests were conducted in this study. First, influence porosity collar on efficiency studied under condition const...

I . Piglets were left to suckle their dam for about z days after birth to obtain colostrum and were then divided into four groups. One group was left with the sow, the second was given a standard liquid diet based on cow’s milk, the third the standard diet with lactic acid added to give a pH of 4.8, and the fourth the standard diet with the casein content increased by 50 yo. Stomach samples wer...

abstract the groines are structures which are use to protected the river bank and to form the water way .the most important problem of groynes is scour at around it that makes breaking and overturning the groynes. because of the less researches at about l-head groynes and open groynes ,this article considers the amount of scour in this type of groynes. so because of this have been used the lace...