Global sea level has fluctuated significantly over geologic time as a result of changes in the volume available water oceans and shape ocean basins [...]

The average global sea level was rising through the 20th century as a result of global warming [8, 9, 26]. The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that between 1901 and 2010, the mean sea level rate 1.7±0.2 mm/yr and increased to 3.2±0.4 mm/yr between 1993 and 2010, and projected that in 2100 the largest increase in global average sea level ...

Past sea level changes are reconstructed by geological means. Present relative sea level changes are recorded by geodetic means. In order to estimate possible future changes in sea level, we have to use the past as a key to the future. Ice melting and water heating are two processes that may lead to a present sea level rise. Both factors are controlled by strict physical processes. After the la...