In the paper, the electromagnetic scattering (EM) from a one-dimensional (1-D) perfectly electric conducting (PEC) randomly rough sea surface with large windspeed is investigated by the iterative physical optics (IPO) algorithm. In this method the multiple coupling interactions among points on sea surface are considered. To improve computational efficiency, the local coupling technique is adopt...

The ocean is a highly variable system affected by a large range of processes that spans the continuous spectra of spatial and temporal scales (Wunsch, 1996). The spatial scales of variation range from basin-wide gyres (thousands of kilometers) to turbulence (less than a meter), and the time scales from those that are climate related (decades) to short-term processes (seconds). Information on th...

Oxygen isotope records of planktonic foraminifera indicate that Late Eocene and Oligocene tropical sea surface temperatures were as much as 88C lower than present at a time when high latitude sea surface temperatures were higher than present. Using a numerical model which describes oxygen isotope exchange during burial and recrystallization of deep sea carbonate, the effects of diagenesis on bu...

Pronounced oscillations of ocean temperature and salinity occur in the Greenland Sea in a 2000 year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The oscillations, involving both the surface and subsurface ocean layers, have a timescale of approximately 40-80 years, and are associated with fluctuations in the intensity of the East Greenland Current. The Greenland Sea temperature and salinity...

[1] This work describes the main effects that have to be taken into account to model the sea surface emission at L-band, and the existing approaches to perform the sea surface salinity retrieval from multiangular radiometric measurements. This manuscript reviews the activities carried out in these fields during the past years by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in collaboration wi...

Monomolecular surface films (“sea slicks”) are well known to dampen small-scale waves at the water surface, and thereby to influence transport processes at the air-sea interface. Because of their strong wave-damping capabilities they can often be delineated on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, but also on satellite imagery acquired in the visible and infrared spectral ranges. Since sea sl...

The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (NCAR CCSM, version 3) numerical coupled model is used to understand the climatic impacts on the South Atlantic Ocean due to industrialization and consequent increase of greenhouse gas emission. Two experiments are analyzed: the first one with trace/greenhouse gases at pre-industrial levels and a second one where presen...

Two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic scattering from a target above the sea with breaking water wave is studied by a multiregional iterative analytical-numerical method that combines the boundary integral method (BIM) and the Kirchhoff approximation (KA). Based on the “PiersonMoskowitz” (PM) sea surface and the LONGTANK breaking wave, a theoretical model of a target above the rough sea surface ...

Sea surface topography observations are deduced from an airborne reflectometry experiment. A GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver dedicated for reflectometry was set up aboard the German HALO (High Altitude Long Range) research aircraft. Flights were conducted over the Mediterranean Sea about 3500m above sea level. A signal path model divided into largeand small-scale contribution...

High resolution remote sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X/Tandem-X satellites are used to determine and monitor the sea surface in near real time and all weather and illumination conditions. The radar backscatter of the sea surface is determined by the sea surface roughness caused by the wind field and the sea state. These meteo parameters are modelled by the newly deve...