This paper examines the determinants of bid-ask spreads and their behaviour around corporate earning announcement dates, for a sample of UK firms over the period 1986-94. The paper finds that closing daily spreads are affected by order processing costs (proxied by trading volumes), inventory control costs (trading volumes and return variability) and asymmetric information (unusually high tradin...

The demand for power keeps rising with rapid economic development and growth of industrialization. The frequent mismatch created between demand and supply can be mitigated by the use of energy buyback programs. This papermodels a buy-back programusing a periodic review joint pricing and inventory model, incorporating compensations and setup cost over finite planning horizons. It is shown that a...

We consider the periodic-review, single-location, single-product, production/inventory control problem under non stationary demand and service-level constraints. The product is perishable and has a fixed shelf life. Costs comprise fixed ordering costs and inventory holding costs. For this inventory system we discuss a number of control policies that may be adopted. For one of these policies, we...

We study a periodic-review production/inventory control problem where both the supply of raw material and demand for the finished product are exogenous and random, the raw material can be stored for future use, can be purchased from or sold to an outside market. We study both the lost sales and backlogging cases under both strict convex and linear raw material purchasing/selling costs. Convexit...

In this paper we present a quantity-based model for integrated inventory replenishment and shipment consolidation decisions under vendor managed inventory. Assuming the vendor uses a special reorder point, order-up-to level, or ( , ) s S policy for inventory control and adopts a quantity-based dispatching strategy under stochastic settings, we build its simulation model. By simulating in Arena ...

this paper develops a mathematical model using differential equations and considers a bullwhip effect in a supply chain network with multiple retailers and distributors. to ensure the stability of the entire system and reduce the bullwhip effect, a robust control method and an inventory replenishment policy are proposed. this shows that the choice of the output matrix may reduce the bullwhip ef...

This paper describes a model predictive control strategy to tackle the inventory control problem in Supply Chains. The problem is formulated as a receding-horizon optimization problem and the market demand is considered an external unknown disturbance. The behaviour of the Supply Chain is modelled by discrete time difference equations, both the control variables and the output variables are con...

BACKGROUND Individuals with cervical spinal cord injury usually sustain impairments to the trunk and upper and lower limbs, resulting in compromised sitting balance. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare postural control of individuals with cervical spinal cord injury and able-bodied individuals; and 2) investigate the effects of foot support and trunk fluctuations on postural contro...

We consider the joint pricing and inventory control problem for a single product whose demand distribution in each period is determined both by whether or not a sale price is offered in the current period, and the number of periods since the last time the sale price was offered. We show that optimal inventory ordering policy is a state dependent base stock policy; however, the optimal pricing p...