Desalination that produces clean freshwater from seawater holds the promise of solving the global water shortage for drinking, agriculture and industry. However, conventional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and thermal distillation involve large amounts of energy consumption, and the semipermeable membranes widely used in reverse osmosis face the challenge to provide a high th...

Water is the most common substance in the world, however, 97% is seawater and only 3% is fresh water. The availability of water for human consumption is decreasing due to increasing the environmental pollution. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), about 2.4 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities, and more than one billion people do not have access to safe ...

Membrane separation technology is widely explored for various applications, such as water desalination and wastewater treatment, which can alleviate the global issue of fresh water scarcity. Specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based composite membranes are increasingly of interest due to the combined merits of CNTs and membrane separation, offering enhanced membrane properties. This article f...

Recent advances in the development of nanoporous graphene (NPG) hold promise for the future of water supply by reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. But while previous studies have highlighted the potential of NPG as an RO membrane, there is less understanding as to whether NPG is strong enough to maintain its mechanical integrity under the high hydraulic pressures inherent to the RO desalination ...

In the last few years RO seawater desalination technology went through a remarkable transformation. The number and capacity of large RO plants have increased significantly. Systems with permeate capacity up to 300,000 m3/day are currently being built. In a parallel shift the capital and operating cost has decreased. Desalted water cost, supplied to customer, decreased from $2.0/m3 in 1998 down ...

This paper uses simple hydro-economic optimization to investigate a wide range of regional water system management options for northern Baja California, Mexico. Hydro-economic optimization models, even with parsimonious model formulations, enable investigation of promising water management portfolios for supplying water to agricultural, environmental and urban users. CALVIN, a generalized hydro...

Seawater contains a number of organic and inorganic components that cause fouling of membranes when subjected to a process of reverse osmosis desalination. This fouling is one of the most important problems in the management of desalination plants, as it entails a significant loss in system performance. For membranes to be able to continue operating under appropriate conditions, they must under...

Landsat images from 1979, 1988, 1999, 2008, and 2013 were used to analyze the landscape area change of salt pans lying on the coast of Tianjin. While initially (1979–1988), the area of Tianjin’s salt pan increased, later (1988–2013) it declined dramatically. In the first phase (1979–1988) of the studied period the primary roll-in landscape of the salt pan wasbarren land with an area of 60.0 km2...

Abstract Solar-driven interfacial desalination has been emerged as a promising water treatment technology to generate drinkable out of seawater. The accumulated salt crystals generated from seawater, however, have adverse effects on solar-driven evaporation. In this work, we prepared salt-rejecting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foam by depositing rGO particles hydrophilic melamine for solar desa...