conclusions the present study reports the characteristics of iranian hookah smokers. most hookah smokers were educated young adults, who often smoked at home or in teahouses and in the company of friends. the majority of the participants smoked fruit-flavored tobacco and had no desire or intention to quit smoking. further studies in this field are required and hookah smoking should also be inco...

background road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of death in the world and iran. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the role of age, sex, education, and time of accident on human casualties and mortalities of road crashes in iran. materials and methods this study was based on data gathered by iranian police department from the records of road crashes from april 4, 2008 ...

background: vaccination status is more often evaluated by up-to-date vaccination coverage rather than timeliness of immunization. this study was conducted to evaluate delayed vaccination during infancy period and to determine the predictors effecting on vaccination delay. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted from june to september 2011 in hamadan province, the west of iran, recruit...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of refractive errors, strabismus and amblyopia in the schoolboys of varamin city, iran methods : in a cross-sectional population-based study in 2010, we used random cluster sampling to select the participants from varamin high school students. examinations were conducted at the school site under standard conditions. all students had non-cycloplegic refracti...

This study aimed to classify patients according to their degree of dependence on nursing care (Perroca Classification System) and correlate this with the anesthetic risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists--ASA classification) in a post-anesthesia care unit. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 402 patients, mean age 51.57 (±16.73) years, of which 216 (54%) were female. The ...

By making use of the classification of real simple Lie algebra, we get the maximum of the squared length of restricted roots case by case, thus we get the upper bounds of sectional curvature for irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces of compact type. As an application, we verify Sampson’s conjecture in all cases for irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces of noncompact type.