Despite our intuition that representative expert judgments are highly nonlinear, previous studies have shown only little, if any, nonlinearity in such judgments. The current study presents a method for assessing nonlinearity in judgment that is based on estimating communal nonlinearity--the systematic nonlinearity shared by the community of judges. The article also examines the predictive accur...

abstract: in this paper, a method for determination of refractive index in membrane of fuel cell on basis of three-longitudinal-mode laser heterodyne interferometer is presented. the optical path difference between the target and reference paths is fixed and phase shift is then calculated in terms of refractive index shift. the measurement accuracy of this system is limited by nonlinearity erro...

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new digital-to-time converter (DTC). The obtained resolution is 1.02 ps, and the dynamic range is about 590 ns. The experimental results indicate that the measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are −0.17~+0.13 LSB and −0.35~+0.62 LSB, respectively. This DTC builds coarse and fine Vernier delay lines constru...

Successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are widely used due to their low power consumption and area cost. However, testing SAR ADCs on an embedded chip is costly. This paper proposes a capacitance-ratio quantification design for the linearity test of differential top-plate sampling SAR ADCs. First, the pattern generator controls the switches connected to the ...

We investigate the security of n-bit to m-bit vectorial Boolean functions in stream ciphers. Such stream ciphers have higher throughput than those using single-bit output Boolean functions. However, as shown by Zhang and Chan at Crypto 2000, linear approximations based on composing the vector output with any Boolean functions have higher bias than those based on the usual correlation attack. In...

A multiwire proportional counter !MWPC" based on a backgammon-type design has been developed for the detection of x-ray photons in two dimensions over the energy range of 4–6 keV. The MWPC was designed for operation in an experimental spectroscopy application requiring single photon counting over a wide range of count rates, high photon detection efficiency and resolution, and a highly linear r...

* This work was supported, in part, by Texas Instruments Inc., Rocketchips Inc, and the R. J. Carver trust. Abstract A new algorithm based on a code density test to measure Integral Non-linearity (INL) of Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters is introduced. This algorithm uses as an input two related but unknown ‘ramp-like’ signals that can be practically generated on-chip and the corresponding co...

Edward Liu, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Georges Gielen, and Paul R. Gray Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Abstract This paper presents a behavioral representation for the class of Nyquist rate A/D converters. The representation captures the nominal A/D behavior, as well as all the statistical variations. The var...

To estimate the measurement uncertainty using a modular DAQ system, factors influencing the quality of A/D modules have to be determined. While integral and differential non-linearity describes the static quality of an ADC, the effective number of bits or SINAD are typical integral parameters characterising the dynamic quality of an A/D module. The paper analyses how individual disturbing facto...