Full tidal action was restored to a 28-ha marshland in the brackish region of the San Francisco Bay Estuary to evaluate the impact of increased tidal circulation on Aedes dorsalis abundance. One year after project completion, mosquito abundance had decreased by 98.7%, from an average of 3.6 to 0.3 4th-instar larvae per dip. Larvicide applications have consequently been reduced from approximatel...

The East African hominin Paranthropus boisei was characterized by a suite of craniodental features that have been widely interpreted as adaptations to a diet that consisted of hard objects that required powerful peak masticatory loads. These morphological adaptations represent the culmination of an evolutionary trend that began in earlier taxa such as Australopithecus afarensis, and presumably ...

t in Ce centur in Cen l data hich n htly a and 14 ith roo water er type ral succ action ent of etition new on Saxifraga hirculus is a postglacial relic matic decrease in the 19th and 20th ested in its ecological requirements knowledge supplemented by origina S. hirculus is a weak competitor w bryophyte carpets in neutral to slig the soil surface (optimum between 8 it requires a good oxygen supp...

Aim Across angiosperm families, the area occupied by a family is strongly correlated with its richness. We explore the causes of this area-richness correlation using the cosmopolitan family, Cyperaceae Juss., as a model. We test the hypothesis that, despite a proposed tropical origin, temperate lineages in the family diversified at elevated rates. We test the hypothesis that the area-richness c...

Tropical hyperseasonal savannas provide a rare example of a tropical climax community dominated by graminoid species. Species living in such savannas are frequently exposed to excess heat and light, in addition to drought and waterlogging, and must possess traits to avoid or tolerate these stress factors. Here we examine the contrasting heat and light stress adaptations of two dominant savanna ...