Despite significant progress in our understanding and treatment of metastatic cancer, nearly all metastatic cancers are incurable. In this Review, we use breast cancer as a model to highlight the limitations and inconsistencies of our existing treatment paradigms for metastatic disease. In turn, we offer a new theory of metastasis, termed "self-seeding. " The self-seeding paradigm, well validat...

and nonpalpable breast lesions is a safe and effective alternative to fine-needle aspiration and needle-localized breast excisional biopsies (1, 2). It can reduce the need for a two-stage procedure and can improve the surgical and oncological outcomes (3). However, one disadvantage of this technique for sampling breast cancer is the possible seeding of malignant tumor cells along the needle tra...

The Provincial Government of Mendoza (Argentina), had protected the local crops from the hail damage during five seasons (1999-2004) by contracting an operational service. These operations consisted in silver iodide seeding (AgI) methodology by means of several aircrafts. The aircrafts were provided with meteorological instruments and probes, which allowed obtaining an important amount of data ...

Seeding strategies for influence maximization in social networks have been studied for more than a decade. They have mainly relied on the activation of all resources (seeds) simultaneously in the beginning; yet, it has been shown that sequential seeding strategies are commonly better. This research focuses on studying sequential seeding with buffering, which is an extension to basic sequential ...

OBJECT Chordomas have a high propensity for local recurrence and progression, as well as for systemic and cerebrospinal fluid metastasis. The authors identified and analyzed a series of patients with chordomas, focusing on an underrecognized entity--surgical seeding. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 82 patients with chordomas treated over a 10-year period (1990-2000) the authors found s...

To identify, through a systematic literature review, the characteristics of neoplasm seeding in biopsy performed on the musculoskeletal system. We performed a search on PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO from August to October 2010. We included articles that addressed the neoplasm seeding in biopsy performed on the musculoskeletal system. The search was limited to English, Spanish and Portugues...

In order to explain the apparent losses of rain ascribable to seeding at the Whitetop trial, particularly large and highly significant in the stratum E (but not in the opposite stratum W) of experimental days, it has been hypothesized that seeding causes widespread cloudiness and subsequent lowering of ground temperatures. This hypothesis is flatly contradicted by the observations: the seeded E...

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produced in Nebraska (NE) is often inconsistent in yield largely due to variability in environmental conditions. Managing production practices may ameliorate this problem of winter wheat in NE. The objective of this study was to identify the combined effects of seeding rate (3), genotype (6), and top-dressed nitrogen (2) on the yield and agronomic characteris...

The principal subject of this report is a comparison of precipitation on days with seeding with that without seeding, averaged over those rain gauges that on each particular day were "downwind," "upwind," or to the sides. Two estimates of relevant wind directions are used, based on successive radiosondes at Tucson that bracketed the scheduled time of seeding. By use of these radiosondes, the ap...

Seeding – the task of finding initial cluster centers – is critical in obtaining highquality clusterings for k-Means. However, k-means++ seeding, the state of the art algorithm, does not scale well to massive datasets as it is inherently sequential and requires k full passes through the data. It was recently shown that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling can be used to efficiently approximate the...