In this paper we propose a general framework to study the quantum geometry of $$\sigma $$ -models when they are effectively localized small fluctuations around constant maps. Such effective theories have surprising exact descriptions at all loops in terms target and can be rigorously formulated. We illustrate how turn physics idea semi-classical approximation into geometric set-up framework, us...

This study contributes to passive portfolio management by comparing four ways for asset allocation. Index investing, mean-variance optimization, equal-weighting and semi-variance optimization are compared as part of the investment strategy aimed at outperforming Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). The best way allocate assets was portfolios looking minimum semi-variance. Yield spreads below pe...

In [E. Babolian, M.M. Hosseini, Reducing index, and pseudospectral methods for differential–algebraic equations, Appl. Math. Comput. 140 (2003) 77–90] a reducing index method has been proposed for some cases of semi-explicit DAEs (differential algebraic equations). In this paper, this method is generalized to more cases. Also, it is focused on Hessenberg index 2 systems and proposed reduction i...

We generalize the Morse index theorem of [12, 13] and we apply the new result to obtain lower estimates on the number of geodesics joining two fixed non conjugate points in certain classes of semi-Riemannian manifolds. More specifically, we consider semi-Riemannian manifolds (M, g) admitting a smooth distribution spanned by commuting Killing vector fields and containing a maximal negative distr...

Indexing in classical information retrieval brings few tools for the treatment of the semi-structured documents: the representations of documents in information retrieval were conceived for flat and homogeneous documents. They are not adapted to the simultaneous treatment of the structure and the contents. Several approaches of indexing semi-structured data was proposed to resolve this new chal...

The k-th semi total point graph of a graph G, , ‎is a graph‎ obtained from G by adding k vertices corresponding to each edge and‎ connecting them to the endpoints of edge considered‎. ‎In this paper‎, a formula for Laplacian polynomial of in terms of‎ characteristic and Laplacian polynomials of G is computed‎, ‎where is a connected regular graph‎.The Kirchhoff index of is also computed‎.