Combined heat and power systems are becoming more and more important, regarding their enhanced efficiency, energy saving, and environmental aspects. In the peresent study, three configurations of combined heat and power systems are intended as an alternative to separate production plant by considering environmental aspects. First and second laws of thermodynamics are adapted to the operatin...

The energy efficiency of separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) airconditioning system is higher than traditional one, since SSLC system uses separate cycles which can raise the evaporating temperature of sensible cycle. Separate cycles often include two separate compressors, which makes the initial investment of SSLC cycle too expensive to use in room air conditioning. A novel structure r...

Reliability evaluation of a large-scale composite power system faces to numerous events/outage and consequently imposes an extensive burden of calculations. In order to simplify the problem, determination of an equivalent system for large-scale power system is inevitable. This paper proposes a framework as reduction technique to separate a composite power system to three areas: external area, o...

Combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emis...

The hydrological processes that commonly occur within the sewer system i.e., rainwater percolation or groundwater infiltration, can be easily described applying water isotopes. This study investigates potential of tritium and stable isotope composition (δ 2 H δ 18 O) for tracing entering urban estimating amount. work consists collecting analyzing wastewater samples over a six-day-long period in...