In orthodontic treatment, teeth are moved in to new positions and relationships and the soft tissue and underlying bone are altered to accommodate changes in esthetics and function. Function is more important than esthetics. The speciality of orthodontics has in addition to its benefits, complications as well as risks associated with its procedures. However the benefits outweigh the risks & com...

BACKGROUND In 1951, Ardran reported that metastatic bone lesions could be detectable on plain radiography with 30% to 50% of decalcification. Authors performed experimental study for minimum level of decalcification to detect the osteolytic bone metastasis of long bone with recent technique of radiographs. METHODS One pair of fibula and humerus from two cadavers was cut into specimen 1 inch i...

Blow fly larvae found in human corpses at death scenes are important in forensic investigations. These larvae are not only useful as an entomological means to estimate the time elapsed between death and the discovery of the corpse (i.e., postmortem interval or PMI), but they can also be used to detect drugs and other toxic substances which might prove to be the cause of In this regard, the accu...

OBJECTIVE path of microleakage between the enamel and adhesive potentially allows microbial ingress that may consequently cause enamel decalcification. The aim of this study was to compare microleakage of brackets bonded either by laser or acid etching techniques. MATERIALS AND METHOD The specimens were 33 extracted premolars that were divided into three groups as the acid etching group (grou...

1. In all age groups the effects of ammonium chloride administration were found to be strikingly dependent upon the calcium intake. 2. Dogs receiving an adequate calcium diet and ammonium chloride showed less decalcification than those receiving a low calcium diet with or without ammonium chloride. 3. In the younger groups the added effect of ammonium chloride to calcium-low diet brought out mo...

Enamel demineralization is an undesirable but common complication of orthodontic fixed appliances therapy. The purpose of this study was to test long-term benefits of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji OrthoTM LC) for the prevention of demineralization in patients receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed bonded appliances. 90 healthy extracted premolars without any clinical signs of...

In 1923, not many years after Epstein's (1) original characterization of lipoid nephrosis, Salvesen and Linder (2) first observed a lowering of the serum calcium concentration which paralleled the decrease in serum protein level in patients with this disease.' In addition, two other features indicating a disturbance of calcium metabolism in nephrosis have been described. Boyd, Courtney, and Mac...

INTRODUCTION For orthodontists, the ideal bonding material should be less moisture-sensitive and should release fluoride, thereby reducing unfavorable iatrogenic decalcification. Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGICs), due to their ability to bond in the presence of saliva and blood can be a very good bonding agent for orthodontic attachments especially in the areas of mouth, which are d...