The developing prefrontal cortex receives a dense serotonergic innervation, yet little is known about the actions of serotonin [5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] in this region during development. Here, we examined the developmental regulation of 5-HT receptors controlling the excitability of pyramidal neurons of this region. Using whole-cell recordings in in vitro brain slices, we identified a drama...

Drosophila melanogaster has been successfully used as a simple model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying behaviors, including the generation of motor programs. Thus, it has been shown that, as in vertebrates, CNS biogenic amines (BA) including serotonin (5HT) participate in motor control in Drosophila. Several evidence show that BA systems innervate an important associatio...

foeniculum vulgare (fennel) has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of variousdiseases including pediatric colic. this study was designed to assess the antinociceptive effects of aqueousextract of f. vulgare on visceral pain and possible involvement of opioidergic, serotonergic, adrenergic andhistaminergic systems. the results of this study showed that aqueous extract of f. v...

A. " Genomic " and " nongenomic " mechanisms B. Steroid hormone actions on gene expression C. Subtypes of estrogen receptors D. Steroid hormone actions on putative receptors on membranes E. Rapid actions of steroids on neuronal excitability F. Steroid hormone actions via second messengers G. Neuroprotective effects of estrogens H. Summary III. Areas of the Brain Affected Outside of the Hypothal...

Objective: Erectile dysfunction is a usual side effect of antipsychotic medications; this causes patients to avoid using drugs. The aim study investigate the effects iloperidone, paliperidone and loxapine on serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contractions vas deferens in mice.Materials Methods: mice were randomly divided into expe...

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with potential tissue damage. Many studies have been conducted to reveal the effects of opioids on pain mechanism. These focused primarily opioid peptides receptor agonists. In general, it declared that dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutaminergic systems well system are closely pain. Morphine, type obtained from Papaver...

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is believed to play a significant role in determining one’s emotional state. Indeed, serotonergic synapses are sites of action for a number of mood-altering drugs, including the now-legendary antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) (1). As a result, there has been tremendous interest in identifying molecular components of the serotonergic sy...

Neuropathic pain remains as one of the most difficult clinical pain syndromes to treat. Electroacupuncture (EA), involving endogenous opioids and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), is reported to be clinically efficacious in various fields of pain. Although multiple experimental articles were conducted to assess the effect of EA-induced analgesia, no review has been publishe...

Introduction. There is evidence that neurotransmitters and their systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of motor stereotypies Autism Spectrum Disorder. Objective. Conduct a review to assess on correlations between stereotyped behaviors changes neurotransmitter systems, by analyzing original articles an animal model. Method. Studies published January 2000 2021 were searched six databases...

The lateral habenula (LHb) and the serotonergic system both contribute to motivational states by encoding rewarding and aversive signals. Converging evidence suggests that perturbation of these systems is critical for the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Anatomical and functional studies indicate that the serotonergic system and the LHb are interconnected in a forward-feedback loop. However, ...