The diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually based on measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine. BUN and serum creatinine are not very sensitive or specific for the diagnosis of AKI because they are affected by many renal and nonrenal factors that are independent of kidney injury or kidney function. Biomarkers of AKI that are made predominantly by the injured kidne...

Background and objectives:  Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder, which reduces the patient quality of life. Despite the recommendation for treating this disorder with a minimum dose of medications, antipsychotic polypharmacy has been used experimentally that cause increasing the drug interactions. Aripiprazole has low risk of metabolic has recommended as a first line a treatment fo...

Lupus Nephritis (LN) develops in more than half of the Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) patients. However, lack of reliable, specific biomarkers for LN hampers clinical management of patients and impedes development of new therapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with SLE is predictive of renal pathology. Serum biochemical and oxid...

OBJECTIVE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a most serious cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Novel biomarkers for AMI are explored continuous. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are present in the circulation in a consistent, stable, and reproducible manner, attracting major interest of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers. In plasma, miR-208a and miR-499 are considered to be...

background: daunorubicin‑induced acute cardiotoxicity caused by oxidative stress and free radical formation. pomegranate possessed a significant in vitro free radical scavenging activity. therefore, the aim of this study was estimations of the role of pomegranate effects in daunorubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity. methods: a total of 21 sprague male rats were allocated into three groups, seven anim...

This paper compares of biomarker combinations performance extracted from urine and serum samples for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The sample consists of 22 benign and 10 cancer patients. The concentrations of 15 ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers were measured by antibody microbead-assisted multiplexed immunoassay technology. To determine the optimal combination that best distinguish ...

Biomarkers are tumour- or host-related factors that correlate with tumour biological behaviour and patient prognosis. High-throughput analytical techniques--DNA and RNA microarrays--have identified numerous possible biomarkers, but their relevance to melanoma progression, clinical outcome and the selection of optimal treatment strategies still needs to be established. The review discusses a pos...