This paper proposes a model for the claim occurrence, reporting, and handling process of insurance companies. It is assumed that insurance claims occur according to a Markovian arrival process. An incurred claim goes through some stages of a claim reporting and handling process, such as Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR), Reported But Not Settled (RBNS) and Settled (S). We derive formulas for the...

Over the past few years, many pharmaceutical manufacturers have settled claims brought by the US Department of Justice (USDOJ) alleging that the drug companies engaged in illegal, off-label product promotion. Between 2003 and 2007, 11 investigations involving off-label promotion in the US were settled. Six of those investigations settled in 2007 alone. In addition, Pfizer Inc. recently announce...

Abstract This paper addresses a specific aspect of the social and cultural life Luso-Chinese in Mozambique, whose first contingents came from Chinese province Guangdong second half 19th century. Most settled city Beira. By 1950s, community was already well integrated into modern colonial The going through an unprecedented urban architectural boom. At that time, Luso-Chinese, who were essentiall...