In this paper, we present the results for voltage–current (V–i) characteristics of dc low-pressure low to moderate current discharges in vapors alcohols: methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol vapors. These electrical measurements are supported by optical recordings axial emission profiles from low-current high-current regimes. The corresponding distribution intensities were typically re...

There is a growing need to consider alternative propellants for operation in Hall thrusters, away from the conventional legacy of using xenon. This particularly case small thrusters; which are exponentially their use, whilst needing be operational on inexpensive propellants. Alternative include condensable (i.e., zinc and iodine), or other gaseous (krypton, argon, nitrogen (N2)) - focus here. A...