A stranger in the pub bumps into you spilling your drink and then doesn't apologize, or someone pushes past to grab a seat on train. colleague makes dismissive remark about work front of boss. man catcalls woman street, wears T-shirt declaring, “keep calm, watch lesbians.” One reaction affronts like these is take offense. Philosophers have said great deal causing offense, especially whether we ...

Understanding factors that affect the severity of a juvenile-stranger sexual assault has implications for crime prevention, and potentially, the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. This study investigated how victim characteristics and the number of suspects affected the use of physical violence and weapons and the occurrence of penetration in 495 allegations of sexual assault c...

Crime supply functions are reestimated in this paper using data corrected for victim underreporting. It is found in both a meanvariance specification and a conventional crime supply function which includes measures of the offender's gains and losses involved in property crimes that certainty and severity of punishment still deter. When correction for underreporting is made, the effects on the r...

Many attempts to classify sexual offenders have focused either on the direct application of broad psychiatric diagnostic categories or on specific offense characteristics, such as the nature of the act (e.g., rape versus exhibitionism) or the age of the victim (adult versus child).1-6 Investigators have either looked at the incidence of neurosis, personality disorder, and psychosis among sexual...

During the 25 years since a motivational systems model was proposed to explain the brain mechanisms of aggressive behavior (D.B. Adams. Brain mechanisms for offense, defense, and submission. Behav. Brain. Sci. 2, (1979a) 200-241) considerable research has been carried out. Updating the model in the light of this research requires several changes. A previous distinction between submission and de...

conclusions this new suggested scale shows a better value to predict patients’ length of hospital stay compared to iss and niss. however, future studies with larger sample sizes and more confounding factors such as prehospital procedures, intubation and other procedures during admission, should be designed to examine these scoring systems and confirm the results of our study. background trauma ...

background: pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were previously used to increase the quality of life and decrease the severity and frequency of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the aim of this study was to compare the effect of using relaxation in addition to pharmacotherapy to reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms and to increase the quality of life in ibs patien...