Negotiating in a highly competitive environment may prove particularly challenging for women. We describe three experimental studies that investigated and documented differences in the competitive behaviors of men and women.The first study examined gender differences in competitive performances. In a setting in which men and women performed at similar levels in single-sex competitions, men were...

There are only few studies describing gender differences in recognition of facial expressions. Our study has the aim to analyze the effect of gender differences in oscillatory brain responses. Three sets of Ekman and Friesens's facial expressions (neutral, angry, and happy) were presented to 26 healthy subjects (13 men) while recording from 13 different scalp locations. Occipital beta response ...

The paper describes a series of perceptual experiments in which the prosodic parameters F0, energy, voicing and timing of utterances were systematically altered and the resulting speech resynthesised for a group of listeners. Using the linear-prediction source/filter model of production composite neutral spectral models were composed from the speech of two or more speakers. Listener responses o...

Evolutionary scientists argue that human cooperation is the product of a long history of competition among rival groups. There are various reasons to believe that this logic applies particularly to men. In three experiments, using a step-level public-goods task, we found that men contributed more to their group if their group was competing with other groups than if there was no intergroup compe...

The relationships between adolescent ethnic identity and attitudes toward school and school climate are investigated in a small, multiracial/multiethnic city in the Great Lakes region with ethnically diverse adolescents taught by primarily White teachers. The mixed methods investigation of 986 eighth through eleventh grade students during the 2010-2011 academic year suggests that the relationsh...

BACKGROUND The population-based study examined postulated effects, derived from a resources-demands-model about gender-related aspects of self-efficacy, optimism, chronic stress, and exhaustion. METHODS Data acquisition was carried out by a market research institute with a multi-topic questionnaire in the general population (N = 2,552). Instruments administered were the Questionnaire for Self...

This paper studies performance predictions in the 7-item Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and whether they differ by gender. After participants completed the CRT, they predicted their own (i), the other participants' (ii), men's (iii), and women's (iv) number of correct answers. In keeping with existing literature, men scored higher on the CRT than women and both men and women were too optimisti...

Genetic and other biological explanations have reemerged in recent scholarship on the underrepresentation of women in mathematics and the sciences. This study engages this debate by using international data-including math achievement scores from the Third International Mathematics and Sciences Study and country-level data from the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Labour Organiz...

OBJECTIVE We investigated gender differences in event-related potential (ERP) responses to subliminally presented threat-related stimuli. METHODS Twenty-four participants were presented with threat-related and neutral pictures for a very brief period of time (17 ms). To explore gender differences in ERP responses to subliminally presented stimuli, we examined six ERP components [P1, N170, N25...

The medial subnucleus of the amygdala (MeA) plays a central role in processing sensory cues required for innate behaviors. However, whether there is a link between developmental programs and the emergence of inborn behaviors remains unknown. Our previous studies revealed that the telencephalic preoptic area (POA) embryonic niche is a novel source of MeA destined progenitors. Here, we show that ...