During childhood, parents play a vital role in sun protection of their children. Their guidance is essential for avoiding excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a risk factor for developing skin cancer in later life. In a population-based cross-sectional study conducted between October 2011 and February 2012, we assessed how 3281 parents implemented sun protection for their three- to...

Shade structures are often considered as one method of reducing stress in feedlot cattle. Selection of a suitable shade material can be difficult without data that quantify material effectiveness for stress reduction. A summer study was conducted during 2007 using instrumented shade structures in conjunction with meteorological measurements to estimate relative effectiveness of various shade ma...

The protective nature of specific shade environments was investigated by measuring the spectral UV in the shade for the three planes (horizontal, 45 degrees and vertical) and comparing this to that on a horizontal plane in full sun. Spectral UV irradiance measurements were made under clear sky conditions at a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site. The solar UV in the shade of a shade umbrella, ...

The solar erythemal UV irradiances through human hair and the protection from UV provided by human head hair have been investigated for a solar zenith angle (SZA) range of 17-51 degrees for the conditions of a head upright in full sun, a head upright in shade and a head in full sun tilted toward the sun. The two hair lengths investigated were 49.1 +/- 7.1 mm for the short type and 109.5 +/- 5.5...

The hydraulic conductance of the leaf lamina ( K lamina ) substantially constrains whole-plant water transport, but little is known of its association with leaf structure and function. K lamina was measured for sun and shade leaves of six woody temperate species growing in moist soil, and tested for correlation with the prevailing leaf irradiance, and with 22 other leaf traits. K lamina varied ...