natural dye extract of walnut shell, was extracted using an ultrasonic processor and purified by hot saponification method, has been studied as a novel sensitizing dye to fabricate tio2 nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cells (dssc). the extract was characterized using uv–vis absorption spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared (ftir) employed to identify the anchoring groups in walnut...

background: mercury is a heavy metal with high toxic effects. it has many apply to various industries, so can enter to the environment from different resources. therefore, its elimination from wastewater is a major challenge. in this study, removal of mercury from aqueous solution using two types of almond shell was investigated and compared. methods: this experimental-intervention study has be...

the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of corn replacement by different levels of wheat with supplementation of phytase with reduced phosphorus level for laying hens. two hundred seventy nine layer hens (the strains of hy-line w36) at the 53th week of age, selected based on the same egg production percentage and body weight, assigned in a factorial arrangement with complete...

Focusing on relative stabilities of electronic states with different spin multiplicities of polyatomic molecules, a simplified unrestricted Hartree-Fock (SUHF) procedure is described. Using different orbitals for different spins (DODS), electron correlation effects of both closed-shell and open-shell systems are expected to be taken into account in the simplest way. While working within a symme...

In some cases the optimum is the minimum of the objective function (mathematical optimum), but in other cases the optimum is given by a technical constraint (technical optimum). The present paper shows the both types in two problems. The first problem is to find the optimum dimensions of a ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell subject to external pressure, which minimize the structural cost...

Buckling of imperfect thin shell tank which is subjected to uniform axial compression is analyzed. The effect of internal pressure on the stability of a shell tank filled with a homogeneous-heterogeneous liquid was considered. Investigation of the liquid nature effect on reduction of the shell buckling load is performed by using the finite elements method. Calculating results in terms of analyt...

Many studies are performed by researchers about Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger but the Multi-Objective Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm (MOBBA) technique has never been used in such studies. This paper presents application of Thermal-Economic Multi-Objective Optimization of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using MOBBA. For optimal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, it was first thermally model...

We report the equilibrium geometries and the electronic structures of Nan clusters in the size range of n =55–62 using density-functional method. An analysis of the evolutionary trends in their ground state geometries reveals that Na58 has a spherical shape which is driven by the closed-shell nature of the electronic structure. This structure shows a significant large network connected by short...

Repeated activities used by animals during contests are assumed to act as signals advertising the quality of the sender. However, their exact functions are not well understood and observations fit only a limited set of the predictions made by models of signaling systems. Experimental studies of contest behavior tend to focus on analysis of the rate of signaling, but individual performances may ...