Three hundred and thirty-three Shigella isolates obtained in 1986 to 1995 were tested for their susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents. Nalidixic acid resistance had emerged in 59.6% of Shigella flexneri isolates during 1994 to 1995, with all tested resistant isolates having the mutation in gyrA encoding the Ser-83 alteration. Multiresistance (resistance to four or more agents) was more co...

The mycotoxin Citrinin was obtained from the fungus Penicillium citrinum. It was tested for it's Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against some gram positive strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative strains E.Coli, Shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonn...

BACKGROUND Shigellosis is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is an acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella, with a minimum infective dose as low as 10-100 bacterial cells. Increasing prevalence of Shigella sonnei as the etiologic agent of shigellosis in Malaysia has been reported. As there is limited information on the gen...

Shigella infection has been occurring in both epidemic and sporadic forms on Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India (92 to 94°E longitude, 6 to 14°N latitude; Bay of Bengal). Although acute gastrointestinal infection clinically resembling shigellosis has been reported on the islands frequently, bacteriological surveillance was only started in 1994. The surveillance data showed that shigellosis is...

An outbreak of Shigellosis due to Shigella sonnei, S. flexnerii and S. boydii in an ultra-religious Jewish community in Southern Israel is described. The source of epidemic was traced to vegetables bought from a single source. The importance of epidemic and endemic modes of spread of Shigella is discussed.

From January 1 to July 31, 2000, 148 cases of Shigella infection were reported in New South Wales, Australia, compared with an annual average of 95 cases. Of reported cases, 83% were confirmed as Shigella sonnei biotype G infections; 80% were in homosexual men. Visiting a sex venue in the 2 weeks before onset of illness was the only factor significantly associated with shigellosis.

Shigella spp. are known primarily as a cause of bacillary dysentery. However, in an initial phase, numerous patients exhibit watery diarrhea that may or may not be followed by dysentery. New virulence factors associated with the species of Shigella have recently been described. These are enterotoxins 1 and 2 of Shigella (ShET-1 and ShET-2, respectively). The aim of the present study was to dete...

In recent studies, strains of non-dysenteriae 1 Shigella (NDS) expressing Shiga toxin have been reported. In this study, we report a novel stx1a-converting bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei associated with travel to Mexico. Phylogenetic comparison between this and other stx-converting phages suggests that toxigenic NDS strains have arisen through separate horizontal transfer events from toxigeni...

The incidence of Shigella spp. was assessed in 877 infants from the public hospital in Rondônia (Western Amazon region, Brazil) where Shigella represents the fourth cause of diarrhea. Twenty-five isolates were identified: 18 were Shigella flexneri, three Shigella sonnei, three Shigella boydii and one Shigella dysenteriae. With the exception of S. dysenteriae, all Shigella spp. isolated from chi...

Shigellosis, caused by Shigella species, is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. To determine the prevalence and distribution of different Shigella species, we analyzed 10,827 Shigella isolates from patients between 2001 and 2011. S. flexneri was the predominant species isolated throughout the period. However, the prevalence of S. flexneri decreased from 65.7% in 2001 to 47% in 2011, wh...