Abstract The ionization region model (IRM) is applied to a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge with tungsten target. IRM gives the temporal variation of various species and average electron energy, as well internal parameters such probability back-attraction sputtered species. It shown that an initial peak in current due argon ions bombarding cathode After peak, W + become dominat...

the electro discharge machining (edm), one of the methods used in the machining industry and a non-traditional manufacturing method, the electro erosion process does not depend on the hardness of material and offers a way to process materials of very complex geometry with very fine and high precision by using cheap electrode materials, which make it a preferred method. in this study, effect of ...

The disparate spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in the country and climate variation sometimes leads to rivers flooding and large flood events, which are remarkable for life and financial losses. Flood control design requires accurate knowledge of the flood generator basin, especially smaller ones, in large basins. Determining the potential of flood generation to specify the...

We analyzed individual motor units of the sternohyoid muscle with the aim of characterizing their minimum and maximum discharge rates and their variability in discharge during voluntary contractions. Surface EMG signals were recorded with an array of eight electrodes from the sternohyoid muscle of seven healthy men (age: 30.2+/-3.5 yr). The multichannel surface EMG signals were displayed as fee...

Failure of dams due to overtopping is among the most frequent forms of embankment failures. Owing to massive and wide spread damage to structures and loss of lives associated with a dam failure, the subject has drawn the attention of scientists. The study also becomes essential for damage assessment and for development of early warning system of people downstream of the embankment. The rate of ...

Electrostatic discharges occur naturally as lightning strokes, and artificially in light sources and in materials processing. When an electrostatic discharge interacts with living matter, the basic physical effects can be accompanied by biophysical and biochemical phenomena, including cell excitation, electroporation, and electrofusion. To study these phenomena, we developed an experimental sys...

the use of renewable energy in power generation and sudden changes in load and fault in power transmission lines  may cause a voltage drop in the system and challenge the reliability of the system. one way to compensate the changing nature of renewable energies in the short term without the need to disconnect loads or turn on other plants, is the use of renewable energy storage. the use of ener...

When the lightning current enters ground through grounding system, impulse dispersion performance can be observed by phenomenon of soil spark discharge, which is fundamentally determined nearby soil. At present, engineers use an empirical formula to convert discharge coefficient resistance. Therefore, there no available quantitative analysis method evaluate performance. To solve this problem, p...