Text by Hema Bashyam [email protected] Skin-based immunity W hen skin cells are hit by a blast of UV light, they instruct dendritic cells (DCs) to suppress immunity system-wide, say Karin Loser, Stefan Beissert (University of Münster, Münster, Germany), and colleagues. UV has the unusual ability to cause immunosuppression by recruiting T regulatory cells (T regs). UV has thus been used t...

Symmetry plays an important role in optimization. The usual approach to cope with symmetry in discrete optimization is to try to eliminate it by introducing artificial symmetry-breaking conditions into the problem, and/or by using an ad-hoc search strategy. In this paper we argue that symmetry is instead a beneficial feature that we should preserve and exploit as much as possible, breaking it o...

Shrinking and swelling play important roles in the utilization and seasoning of wood. The mechanics of shrinking and swelling and the influence of wood structure are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the variability of shrinking and swelling, and the chief reasons for variability. The effects of shrinking and swelling on wood during seasoning and in use are discussed, along with methods of minim...

The direct sulfation of three high purity Iranian limestones and one precipitated calcium carbonate from different sources, containing more than 97 % CaCO3, were studied in a specially designed fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure, in the presence of excess CO2 to prevent decomposition of CaCO3. Experiments were carried out over a range of particle s...

This paper defines the restricted growing concept (RGC) fur object separation and provides an algorithmic analysis of its implementations. Our concept decomposes the problem of object separation into two stages. First, separation is achieved by shrinking the objects to their cores while keeping track of their originals as masks. Then the core is grown within the masks obeying the guidelines of ...

The leaching reaction kinetics of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth with mixed ammonium salts was studied. The in uence of concentration of reagents and particle size of ore on leaching rate was investigated. The results showed that the di usion process and leaching rate could be improved by increasing reagents concentration and decreasing leaching owing rate and particle size. The l...

Assignment stack shrinking is a technique that is intended to speed up the performance of modern complete SAT solvers. Shrinking was shown to be efficient in SAT’04 competition winners Jerusat and Chaff. However, existing studies lack the details of the shrinking algorithm. In addition, shrinking’s performance was not tested in conjunction with the most modern techniques. This paper provides a ...

Tree-based models provide an alternative to linear models for classification and regression data. They are used primarily for exploratory analysis of complex data or as a diagnostic tool following a linear model analysis. They are also used as the end product in certain applications, such as speech recognition, medical diagnoses, and other instances where repeated fast classifications are requi...

This paper considers the problem of passing from a nonlinear simple-structure model to a low-order approximation by preserving simplicity. The approximation problem is often best posed as an `2 optimization problem. This optimization problem is the core of our order reduction method so-called system matrices optimization. The simplification is formulated as special secondary conditions which ca...