A core collapse in the Milky Way will produce an enormous burst of neutrinos in detectors worldwide. Such a burst has the potential to provide an early warning of a supernova's appearance. I will describe the nature of the signal, the sensitivity of current detectors, and SNEWS, the SuperNova Early Warning System, a network designed to alert astronomers as soon as possible after the detected ne...

Most ultrasonic guided wave methods require tone burst excitations to achieve some degree of mode purity. In addition, it is often desirable to acquire data using multiple frequencies, particularly during method development when the best frequency for a specific application is not known. However, this process is inconvenient and time-consuming, particularly if extensive signal averaging at each...

The oxidative burst is likely the most rapid defense response mounted by a plant under pathogen attack, and the generated oxidant species may be essential to several subsequent defense responses. In our effort to characterize the signal-transduction pathways leading to rapid H2O2/O2- biosynthesis, we have examined the role of protein phosphorylation in this resistance mechanism. K-252a and stau...

Participation of phospholipase A (PLase A) in plant signal transduction has been documented for auxin stimulation of growth but not for elicitation of any plant defense response. In this paper, we report two independent assays for monitoring PLase A induction in plant cells and have used these assays to evaluate whether transduction of defense-related signals might require PLase A activation. O...

Pyramidal cells in the mammalian neocortex can emit action potentials either as series of individual spikes or as distinct clusters of high-frequency bursts. However, why two different firing modes exist is largely unknown. In this study, we report that in layer V pyramidal cells of the rat somatosensory cortex, in vitro associations of EPSPs with spike bursts delayed by +10 msec led to long-te...

The theta oscillation (4-8 Hz) is a pivotal form of oscillatory activity in the hippocampus that is intermittently concurrent with gamma (25-100 Hz) burst events. In in vitro preparation, a stimulation protocol that mimics the theta oscillation, theta burst stimulation (TBS), is used to induce long-term potentiation. Thus, TBS is thought to have a distinct role in the neural network of the hipp...

Rock burst is the most attractive and hot research area in geomechanics, mining, and civil engineering due to the increasing depth of mines and construction of deep underground structures. It has also been a severe problem in ground control measures in the last few decades. Many studies have been done by different researchers in order to minimize the hazards of rock burst and to provide a safe ...