The Kula Ring described by Bronislaw Malinowski is a system of the ceremonial exchange of gifts among a number of tribal societies inhabiting various island groups in the region east of Papua New Guinea. Two ceremonial gifts continually circulate in opposite directions: necklaces clockwise and armshells counterclockwise. After a brief description of the social system of Kula exchange, a game-th...

Abstract Introduction HER2 over-expression denotes poor prognosis in breast cancers.Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) signalling is known to interact with EGF signalling, co-regulating cancer progression.BMP antagonist Gremlin-1 may influence disease progression, but this remains unexplored positive cancers. Method GREM1 and expression, clinical outcomes were examined cohorts.GREM1 overexpression...

This paper focuses on deployment of voice over the Internet for the customers of a global services provider which needed to extend cost-effectively the portfolio of enhanced voice services including unified messaging, post paid and prepaid calling card services along with related validation, billing and payment systems. Key-words: VoIP, Internet, SS7, Compression, QoS

Recently, the railway system is advancing to be intelligent according to the development of computer technology, and especially, many functions of train control system which are cores to the railway system are being operated by the software. Accordingly, the source code testing to validate safety of the railway train control system software becomes to be more important, and related internationa...

This document describes and discloses a set of ideas for improving the bandwidth on a signaling system composed of more than one wire. These ideas represent a generalization of practiced 2-wire differential signaling, widely used in computer and communications systems. The central notion is to group a set of N wires together (N > 2), allowing more than one symbol to be transmitted on the wire-s...

This paper presents a new approach to an on-chip asynchronous transmission system suitable for next generation asynchronous on-chip networks. It implements multivalued logic to reduce the number of wires and a low-voltage swing for lower dynamic power dissipation. Furthermore, the transmission system described here enjoys fully static design and has zero static power consumption. Two versions o...

The OTS/CafeOBJ method can be used to formally model, specify and verify distributed systems such as security protocols and railroad systems. A distributed system is modeled as an OTS, a kind of transition system, and the OTS is specified and verified with CafeOBJ, an algebraic specification language. Case analysis (or case splitting) is one of the most intellectual pieces of work in verificati...

This specification defines a load-control event package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It allows SIP entities to distribute load-filtering policies to other SIP entities in the network. The load-filtering policies contain rules to throttle calls from a specific user or based on their source or destination domain, telephone number prefix. The mechanism helps to prevent signaling over...

Dynamically assigning subcarriers to terminals in an OFDM-FDMA system optimizes various performance metrics. However, it also requires that terminals are periodically informed about their assigned subcarriers. Hence, the signaling overhead has to be taken into account for both system design and performance evaluation. We investigate two possibilities how to design an inband signaling system, wi...

PSTN, the world's circuit-switched network, has employed Signalling System #7 as its protocol suite for international and national interconnection during past decades. VoIP networks however have developed different signalling protocols suitable for IP environment. Gateways interconnecting VoIP and PSTN networks are usually proprietary and expensive solutions. Today an open source software can p...