The main drawback in the utilization of geothermal resources arises from precipitation secondary minerals within wells, pipelines, steam separators, turbines and other surface equipment form scales. Scale formation is an outcome alteration various rocks dissolved fluids that find their way into a reservoir. Once ascend to surface, hydrostatic pressure decreases toward phase separation level per...

Diatom frustules (the hard and porous cell wall of diatoms) are created under the control of biomolecules (silaffins, silacidins, and long-chain polyamines) at close to physiologic conditions. The mechanism of biosilica formation was traditionally based on the ability of zwitterionic water-soluble proteins to create macromolecular assemblies for silica polymerization. Recent discoveries of wate...

A rapid method for detecting deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, was developed. DON was extracted from grains and other samples with acetonitrile-4% potassium chloride solution (9 + 1). Impurities that would interfere with detection were removed on a C18 silica gel reverse phase column. Water was removed from eluates on a hydrophilic matrix column. DON was detected by thin layer chro...

In the synthesis of the disordered lyotropic liquid crystalline L3 sponge phase prepared with the cosurfactants cetylpyridinium chloride and hexanol, aqueous NaCl solution is used as the solvent. When this sponge phase is used as the template for L3 silica-phase processing, we replace NaCl with HCl to facilitate the acid catalysis of tetramethoxysilane in forming a templated silica gel, assumin...

Deterioration of concrete, which is mainly due to ignorance of environmental and service conditions, causes considerable costs for the construction industry. With this in mind, in this paper, results of investigation into the major causes of concrete deterioration in the Urumie Lake are presented. For the purposes of this investigation, samples were obtained by mixing two types of cement (OPC t...

The idea of smart inhibitors is based on the principle that an inhibitor is used where needed. This will reduce the use of inhibitors and protect materials in hostile environments. On the other hand, direct addition of the inhibitor within the coating can be harmful, resulting in the loss of inhibitors ability, deterioration in the coating or both of them. An appropriate method for solving thes...

this study focuses on the preparation and modification of a thin-film composite (tfc) hollow fiber polyamide membrane fabricated by the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (pip) and trimesoyl chloride (tmc) on a porous polysulfone substrate. the effects of triethylenetetramine (teta) and silica nanoparticles (sio2) contents in the aqueous phase (as the additives) on the morphology and perf...

Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful separation technique that can achieve high efficiency separations of charged analytes. However, one limitation of capillary electrophoresis is the adsorption of cationic proteins and peptides onto the inner surface of the capillary wall, due to the negatively charged silanol groups on the bare fused silica capillaries. This can lead to poor separation eff...