in order to investigate goiter prevalence in boyer-ahmad, an iranian tribal province, 87 families were randomly selected in yasuj township and doruhan county. clinical examination of the subjects disclosed 95% of females and 87% of males over 6 years of age to be goitrous. grade 2 goiter had the highest prevalence among females. in males grade 1 b was the most prevalent. hormonal studies on a s...

The mountain slopes of the Himalayas, Alps, Pyrenees, and Andes have been the world’s most notorious foci of endemic goiter (1). The northern frontiers of India extending from Kashmir in the west to Assam in the east form an extensive Himalayan goiter belt (2). Forty million persons are believed to be exposed to the risk ofgoiter in this belt and approximately nine million are afflicted with it...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Despite, the extensive salt iodization programmes implemented in India, the prevalence of goiter has not reduced much in our country. The most frequent cause of hypothyroidism and goiter in iodine sufficient areas is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This study records the clinical presentation, biochemical status, ultrasonographic picture and cytological appearance of this ...

Multiple thyroid ectopia with a normally located thyroid gland is a very rare condition. We present a 34-year old Nigerian woman who had had anterior and left-sided lateral neck swellings for the past 15 years. She was clinically euthyroid and thyroid function test results were normal. Neck ultrasonography revealed multinodular goiter with extension to the left pre-auricular area. Fine Needle A...

Background: Goiter is thyroid enlargement, which is the most common visible symptom of iodine deficiency. Some studies have shown iodine deficiency in water, soil, and food in many places worldwide.We aimed to determine the prevalence of goiter and the association between urine iodine levels in children with severity and prevalence of goiter in mountainous villages of Kashan city (center of Ira...

Horseshoe kidney is a relatively common renal anomaly with which many structural and developmental anomalies have been shown to be associated. However, there are only a few case reports regarding the association of membranous glomerulonephritis and focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis in patients with horseshoe kidneys. We report a girl who was evaluated for hematuria and proteinuria, and found ...

thyroid hemiagenesis can be associated with various thyroid pathologies such as papillary thyroid cancer or nodular goiter. however, we did not encounter any publication in the literature in which hemiagenesis could be observed together with retrosternal goiter. in this report, a thyroid hemiagenesis associated with a benign nodular goiter extending retrosternally is reported. a 59-year-old mal...

background & objectives: iodine deficiency disorder (idd) is the most common endocrine disorder in the world. it is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are in iodine deficiency state. many studies have shown the high prevalence of endemic goiter and iodine deficiency in iran.  for control of this health problem salt iodinization is the best  accepted strategy in the world. the main objectiv...

Endemic goiter is clustered occurrences of goiter affecting more than 10% of the population in particular regions. The majority cases are attributed to environmental factors such as iodine deficiency, or food and water containing goiter-causing agents called goitrogens. We report a new type of endemic goiter where the basic abnormality was not due to environment factors, but to thyroglobulin ge...

The presence of substernal goiter is, per se, an indication for surgical management. Surgical approach of substernal goiter can most commonly be performed using the cervical access, but at times, a sternotomy or thoracotomy is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the preoperative predictors of a sternotomy in the management of substernal goiter in order to provide better preoperativ...