This paper presents a physically based method for simulating the heat transfers between the different environmental elements to synthesize realistic winter sceneries. We simulate the snow fall over the ground, as well as the conductive, convective and radiative thermal transfers using a finite volume method according to the variations of air and dew point temperatures, the amount of snow, cloud...

This issue of Variations presents four articles highlighting modeling research presented at the CLIVAR-sponsored workshop on Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes in the Atlantic held in Miami, March 23-25, 2011. The workshop reviewed model biases in simulating the Atlantic (notably ocean circulation, sea surface temperatures, surface winds, clouds, and precipitation) and identified hypothese...

In this paper, the performance of morphological dynamic link architecture (MDLA) is assessed under optimal and real operating conditions. It is shown that MDLA achieves a very low equal error rate on the extended M2VTS database which contains 295 persons’ video data in 8 shots recorded under optimal conditions. However, its performance severely deteriorates, when it is applied to the IBERMATICA...

This paper describes a CSIM-based simulation tool, called MultiSim, which allows eecient simulation of large-scale mul-tiprocessors. Methods are described for simulating several variations of wormhole routing, including multicast communication , the use of variable-sized buuers at routers within the network, and the use of virtual channels. The key to eecient simulation of such networks is that...

This paper proposes a framework to support appropriate application of endpoints in animal experiments. It is recommended that unpredicted endpoints should be explicitly considered alongside scientific endpoints and justifiable endpoints as the three types of endpoint which comprise the "humane." We suggest there is a need for clear identification of each type of endpoint and an understanding of...

The reinforcement learning theory suggests that the feedback negativity should be larger when feedback is unexpected. Two recent studies found, however, that the feedback negativity was unaffected by outcome probability. To further examine this issue, participants in the present studies made reward predictions on each trial of a gambling task where objective reward probability was indicated by ...

The rigid standard Macintosh laryngoscope is the instrument used to obtain an adequate view of the larynx in most patients. In cases of unpredicted severe laryngoscopic difficulties, the SIAARTI guidelines suggest waking the patient and using fiberoptic intubation with topical anesthesia. In the last decade, many videolaryngoscopes have been produced and introduced into clinical use. They provi...

Reduced susceptibility to infectious disease can increase the frequency of otherwise deleterious alleles. In populations of African ancestry, two apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) variants with a recessive kidney disease risk, named G1 and G2, occur at high frequency. APOL1 is a trypanolytic protein that confers innate resistance to most African trypanosomes, but not Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or T...

alpha-Galactosylceramide is a glycolipid derived from marine sponges that is currently in human clinical trials as an anticancer agent. It has also been shown to be effective in reducing the amount of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detected in mice that produce HBV constitutively from a transgene. It was assumed that all of the antiviral and antitumor activities associated with alpha-galactosylcer...

SARM1 is a key regulator of axonal degeneration. However, SARM1 mechanism of action is not clear. In this issue of Neuron, Essuman et al. (2017) reveal an intrinsic NADase activity in the SARM1-TIR domain that is required for axonal degeneration.