Use of mobile devices for data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has recently drawn much attention. Controlled sink mobility has been shown to be beneficial in energy conservation and lifetime prolongation. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop uneven hierarchical routing protocol (MUHRP) using a controlled mobile sink. We first analyze the performance of MUHRP with a fixed sink nod...

It is of great significance to accurately assess the carbon sink capacity and trend forest ecosystems on a regional scale, which key step realizing sustainable management sink. Based several remote sensing datasets, this study analyzes dynamic characteristics stock in Yangtze River Basin its response environmental factors using Mann–Kendall nonparametric test, correlation analysis, BP neural ne...

During grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barke) reserves are remobilized from vegetative organs. Glumes represent the vegetative tissues closest to grains, senesce late, and are involved in the conversion of assimilates. To analyse glume development and metabolism related to grain filling, parallel transcript and metabolite profiling in glumes and endosperm were performed, showing...

Habitat sinks can attract dispersing animals if high mortality or breeding failure are difficult to detect (e.g., when due to human hunting or pollution). Using a simple deterministic model, we explore the dynamics of such source-sink systems considering three scenarios: an avoided sink, no habitat preference, and an attractive sink. In the second two scenarios, there is a threshold proportion ...

A sensor is a small electronic device which has the ability to sense, compute and communicate either with other sensors or directly with a base station (sink). In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensors monitor a region and transmit the collected data packets through routes to the sinks. In this study, we propose a mixed--integer linear programming (MILP) model to maximize the number of ti...

The one-dimensional current-source density method was used to analyze laminar field potential profiles evoked in rat olfactory bulb slices by stimulation in the olfactory nerve (ON) layer or mitral cell layer (MCL) and to identify the field potential generators and the characteristics of synaptic activity in this network. Single pulses to the ON evoked a prolonged (>/=400 ms) sink (S1ON) in the...

1. Species often compete for breeding sites in heterogeneous landscapes consisting of sources and sinks. To understand how the presence or absence of sink breeding sites influence ecological outcomes, we extend Pulliam’s source–sink model to competing species. 2. In a homogeneous landscape consisting of source sites, we prove that one species, the ‘superior’ competitor, competitively excludes t...

Sink mobility has been utilized in numerous schemes to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Among the many ways of improving the performance of a WSN in terms of crucial metrics such as its lifetime and data latency, utilizing the mobility of some of the network components has been recently observed to be among the most promising. Regardless of its numerous advantages, deliv...

Power semiconductors can be modeled as a thermal network of resistors and capacitors. The thermal boundary condition of such a model is typically defined as the heat sink surface temperature which is assumed to be constant. In reality, the heat sink surface temperature underneath the power module is not exactly known. In this paper we show how to set up a thermal model of the heat sink in form ...

Wireless sensor networks are the grouping of tiny sensor nodes, which collects the information by sensing activeness from the surroundings similar lands, forests, hills, sea. In wireless sensor networks, using mobile sinks mobility rather than static sink for data collection is the new trend in present years. Current researches are focusing on moving patterns of the mobile sink to achieve optim...