geometry of the chute blocks in stilling basins plays a significant role in size and type of these structures. one of the most influencing factors in the design of the blocks is the fluctuating pressure which may cause fatigue on the blocks. despite investigations conducted by many researchers, there is not enough information about the pressure fluctuation around chute blocks in compacted still...

Stormwater detention basins are primarily designed to detain large volumes of storm runoff and trap suspended sediments and associated pollutants. Detaining and retaining nutrients are often not a design focus. The combination of variable moisture patterns in stormwater basins along with potential nutrient influxes may make these basins hotspots for nitrogen transformations such as denitrificat...

forest cover is one of the most effective factors in reducing flooding in northern iran, so that in recent years the destruction, land use changing and uncontrolled harvesting of forest areas, has greatly increased the number and magnitude of floods. so far, there have been few studies on forest hydrology in iran, particularly the northern hyrcanian forests. this study examines the impact of a ...

Pre-sedimentation basins are among the most important elements of the conventional water treatment process. In pre-sedimentation basins, due to different velocity gradients, secondary and rotational flows are formed that will create short paths and increase dead and still flow zones as well as changes in the flow mixing. This will prevent laminar flow conditions for sedimentation and will reduc...

A suite of 42 morphometric parameters for each of 26 272 drainage basins larger than 100 km2 from the Hydrosheds Shuttle Radar Topography digital elevation model shows the global distribution of Strahler order for streams and drainage basins. At the scale of 15 arc s spacing (232 to 464 m) the largest basins are order 9. Many common parameters depend both on the size of the basin, and the scale...

This article lists a number of geological data on the conditions of formation of some major gold deposits in the conglomerates of the Earth's crust. We analyze the metallogenic, tectonic, stratigraphic and other factors controlling the formation of gold-bearing conglomerates in certain fields, such as the Witwatersrand (S. Africa) and Darwaz (Tajikistan). The following tectonic factors play the...

Hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basin is an unstable phenomenon which causes some complexities in controlling of the   jump. This paper considers the stability of free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins from a theoretical point of view. A minimum value of upstream Froude number is needed to produce the free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins which was presented by a theoretical...

We use a recently developed thermodynamically accurate mesodynamical method (Strachan and Holian 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 014301) where groups of atoms are represented by mesoparticles to characterize the shock compression and dynamical failure (spall) of a model molecular crystal. We characterize how the temperature rise caused by the shockwave depends on the specific heat of the degrees of fr...

We extend a thermally accurate model for coarse grain dynamics (Strachan and Holian 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 014301) to enable the description of stressinduced chemical reactions in the degrees of freedom internal to the mesoparticles. Similar to the breathing sphere model, we introduce an additional variable that describes the internal state of the particles and whose dynamics is governed both...

â â  a great portion of precipitation in the south western iran falls in the snow formation. surface runoff produced from melting snow has an important role in the recharging ground water, surface and subsurface flows. rapid snowmelt can even cause flooding . since the snowmelt cannot be easily detected from optical satellite images, snow cover area (sca) is derived as an important hydrological...