Three alternative procedures to adjust significance levels for multiplicity are the traditional Bonferroni technique, a sequential Bonferroni technique developed by Hochberg (1988), and a sequential approach for controlling the false discovery rate proposed by Benjamini and Hochberg (1995). These procedures are illustrated and compared using examples from the National Assessment of Educational ...

Self-perception of dental attractiveness is an important factor affecting orthodontic treatment need. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need and to evaluate the influence of gender and socioeconomic background such as family size, parental education and father's employment. The subjects were 900 male and femal...

This paper studies a version of the birth and immigration process in which families are followed in the order of their appearance. This age structure is related to a number of results from population genetics, in particular the genealogical structure of the infinitely-many neutral alleles model. The asymptotic behavior of this genealogy is an easy consequence of the structure of the age-ordered...

The influence that grandparents have on the life history traits of their descendants has been studied extensively. However, no attention has been paid to the potential influence a grandparent's own reproductive history has on the investment they make in their grandchildren. We use data from 658 Swiss grandchildren and 591 of their grandparents to investigate whether grandparents' reproductive s...

A persistent theme in much anthropological writing is the concept of the deliberate control of population numbers by hunter-gatherers as a means of achieving moderate family size, adequate nutrition, and constrained adult mortality. An analysis of the mix of theory and field evidence that led to this conclusion finds the case not proven. On the contrary, Malthusian constraints can operate, and ...

"> Waste heat recovery is very important, because it not only reduces the expenditure of heat generation, but also it is of high...

a limited series of studies on capital structure have been conducted on small-to-medium size enterprises (smes). recent family-bases business literature suggests that these processes are influenced by firm owners’ attitudes toward the utility of debt as a form of financing. other factors like culture, entrepreneurial characteristics, and prior experiences may also be involved. this study intend...

BACKGROUND Large family size may be a risk factor for childhood accidents. A possible association with quality of child supervision and rapidity of seeking medical care has not been fully evaluated. OBJECTIVES To determine whether children with multiple siblings are at increased risk for accidents, to assess whether quality of child supervision varies with family size, and to evaluate the rel...

Human reproductive behaviour is marked by exceptional variation at the population and individual level. Human behavioural ecologists propose adaptive hypotheses to explain this variation as shifting phenotypic optima in relation to local socioecological niches. Here we review evidence that variation in fertility (offspring number), in both traditional and modern industrialized populations, repr...