Stress-induced alterations in sleep have been linked to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep complaints and disturbances in arousal are continuing symptoms in patients. PTSD-related changes in sleep have not been fully characterized but involve persistent disturbances in both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). PTSD is considere...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and patterns of sleep disturbances during pregnancy among healthy nulliparous women. METHODS This was a prospective, cohort study of healthy nulliparous women, recruited between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation, who completed a baseline sleep survey at enrollment with follow-up in the third trimester. The survey was composed of the following validated sleep que...

STUDY OBJECTIVES A growing body of research indicates that sleep disturbances may be specifically linked to suicidal behaviors. It remains unclear, however, whether this link is largely explained by depressive symptoms. The present study investigated the relationship between suicidality, depression, and sleep complaints in a clinical outpatient setting. DESIGN AND SETTING Upon admission, 176 ...

BACKGROUND Understanding the responses of ecological communities to human-induced perturbations is crucial for establishing conservation goals. Ecological communities are dynamic entities undergoing fluctuations due to their intrinsic characteristics as well as anthropogenic pressures varying over time. In this respect, long-term studies, based on large spatial and temporal datasets, may provid...

Disturbances in the form of oscillations are usually originated in process plants due to various faults such as sensor faults, valve faults, process faults and controller tuning faults. Many of these faults can be represented as nonlinearities. Faults in the form of nonlinearities may produce oscillations with a fundamental frequency and its harmonics. This study presents a novel method based o...

Forest attributes and their abundances define the stand structural complexity available as habitat for faunal biodiversity; however, intensive anthropogenic disturbances have the potential to degrade and simplify forest stands. In this paper we develop an index of stand structural complexity and show how anthropogenic disturbances, namely fire, logging, livestock, and their combined presence, a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Melatonin, a sleep promoting agent, is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and sensation. We aimed to determine if melatonin was effective in improving bowel symptoms and sleep disturbances in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with sleep disturbance. METHODS Forty IBS patients (aged 20-64 years; 24 female) with sleep disturbances were randomly ass...

Many studies have provided strong evidence of a fundamental and complex role for sleep disturbances in adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Investigations of adult PTSD using subjective and objective measures document sleep architecture abnormalities and high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing, periodic limb movement disorder, nightmares, and insomnia. PTSD treatment methods do app...

The purpose of this review is to serve as an introduction to understanding sleep in the fetus, the preterm neonate and the term neonate. Sleep appears to have numerous important roles, particularly in the consolidation of new information. The sleep cycle changes over time, neonates spend the most time in active sleep and have a progressive shortening of active sleep and lengthening of quiet sle...

Approximately 90% of the population-attributable risk for coronary artery disease has been estimated to relate to 9 potentially modifiable risk factors, including tobacco smoking, overweight, dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical inactivity, poor diet, and psychosocial factors.1 Accordingly, published guidelines for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention support aggressive risk ...