objective(s): previous studies showed that skeletal muscle microcirculation was reduced in chronic heart failure. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on capillary and arteriolar density of fast and slow twitch muscles in rats with chronic heart failure. materials and methods: four weeks after surgeries (left anterior descending (lad) artery occlusion), chr...

Importation of animals or animal products cannot take place without some element of risk. Risk analysis is a blend of art and science and is a tool intended to provide decision-makers with an objective, repeatable and defensible assessment of the risks posed by a particular import proposal. Risk analysis comprises risk identification, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. Exa...

Enduring episodic memories are thought to be formed in a dialog between hippocampus and neocortex promoting the redistribution of newly encoded memories from hippocampal to neocortical stores. In this issue of Neuron, Wierzynski et al. report that during slow wave sleep (SWS), driven by hippocampal sharp wave-ripple bursts, cells in prefrontal cortex fire consistently within 100 ms after hippoc...