Cadmium, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations were determined in 28 species of red, brown, and green algae sampled in the south-western coast of Sardinia (Italy). Elevated concentrations of heavy metals were mainly associated with the presence of smelting activities in the area.

Scuttle flies trapped at baits of dead mice are reported from a region of S. W. Finland subjected to pollution from the smelting of copper and nickel. Most belonged to the huge genus Megaselia, but 96% were females, the majority of which cannot be named until linked to their males. These are given code numbers and distinguished by means of a key.

Two men developed acute intravascular haemolysis after exposure to arsine gas in a metal smelting works. Both survived; one developed acute renal failure and required peritoneal dialysis. His renal function returned to near normal within 3 months. The probable mode of exposure has been investigated and is discussed. The toxic effects of arsine are briefly reviewed. The preventive action taken i...

Field experiments in copper smelting were carried out order to test assumptions about the production processes employed at Vilabouly Complex (VC), an Iron Age extraction and site central Laos. VC is one of only three primary sites known Southeast Asia appears be a major mining locale. Analytical results on assemblage (ores, crucibles, slag fragments alloy objects), along with geological informa...

An ongoing question in paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the central African rainforest concerns the role that prehistoric metallurgy played in shaping forest vegetation. Here we report evidence of intensive iron-ore mining and smelting in forested regions of the northern Congo Basin dating to the late Holocene. Volumetric estimates on extracted iron-ore and associated slag mounds from preh...

The new Kennecott Utah Copper smelter, started in 1995, was designed to be the cleanest smelter environmentally in the world. The plant is operating at production rates above the original design capacity. Copper concentrate is smelted in an Outokumpu flash smelting furnace. Matte is granulated and processed using Kennecott-Outokumpu flash converting. Copper anodes are processed in a modernized ...

Introduction: Bulk ureilites have near-chondritic abundances of trace siderophile elements (Fig. 1), which is difficult to reconcile with any igneous model for their silicates [1]. It is particularly problematic [2-4] for the smelting model in which silicate mg (molar Mg/[Mg+Fe]) is controlled by pressure-dependent carbon redox reactions [5-7]. The smelting reaction (FeO+C→Fe+CO) predicts a cor...

Reducing carbon emissions is a major way to achieve green development and sustainability for China’s future. This paper elaborates the detailed features of China’s carbon flow for 2013 with the carbon flow chart and shows the changing characteristics of China’s CO2 flow from the viewpoint of specific sectors and energies from 2000 and 2013. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2013, China’s C...