This paper presents an adaptive lip feature point detection algorithm for the proposed real-time smile training system using visual instructions. The proposed algorithm can detect a lip feature point irrespective of lip color with minimal user participation, such as drawing a line on a lip on the screen. Therefore, the proposed algorithm supports adaptive feature detection by real-time analysis...

Facial expression of emotion is a foundational aspect of social interaction and nonverbal communication. In this study, we use a computer-animated 3D facial tool to investigate how dynamic properties of a smile are perceived. We created smile animations where we systematically manipulated the smile's angle, extent, dental show, and dynamic symmetry. Then we asked a diverse sample of 802 partici...

The principles of decision-analytic decision support, implemented in GeNIe (Graphical Network Interface) and SMILE (Structural Modeling, Inference, and Learning Engine) can be applied in practical decision support systems (DSSs). GeNIe plays the role of a developer's environment and SMILE plays the role of the reasoning engine. A decision support system based on SMILE can be equipped with a ded...

OBJECTIVES To compare the postoperative biomechanical properties of the cornea after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with low and moderate myopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined 42 eyes of 23 patients undergoing PRK and 42 eyes of 22 patients undergoing SMILE for the correction of low and moderate myopia. Corneal hys...

Objective. To evaluate characteristics of smile related to visibility in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. HRAC/USP, Brazil. Patients. Individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 45), aged 15-30 years. Interventions. Frontal facial photographs were obtained in natural and forced smiles (n = 135). Six specialists in pe...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an effective single intraoral, minimally invasive technique to reduce the enlarged tongue base in children with obstructive macroglossia. METHODS We present the anatomic dissection of fresh cadavers and a representative case series of children who underwent submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision (SMILE) with a plasma-mediated radiofreque...

PURPOSE To investigate corneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). METHODS This study enrolled 70 patients having SMILE and 64 subjects receiving FS-LASIK. The preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -5.83 ± 1.23 diopters (D) and -6.20 ± 1.52 D, respectively. T...

The objective of this study was to determine if increased overjet (greater than 6 mm) influences the magnitude and reproducibility of natural smile and maximal smile in Caucasian adult females. Twenty adult females with an increased overjet (6-10 mm) and 20 control adult females (overjet 2-4 mm) with no history of orthodontic treatment volunteered to participate. The mean age in the control gro...

Smile is a person’s greatest beauty asset. A defective smile might be considered as a physical handicap as the mouth act as a focal point where a large share of attention is directed toward mouth and teeth, it would be nice to have some sort of tools to assess beauty, which currently does not exist. Standards for beauty are actually a compilation and comparison of everything we have seen or exp...

We study imaging systems designed to assess the smile of laser diode bars (LDBs). The magnification matrix is derived from the required sampling period and the geometries of the LDBs and the charge-coupled device (CCD) array. These image-forming systems present in-plane pure translation invariance, but in the case of anamorphic ones, lack in-plane rotation invariance. It is shown that the smile...