The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits, nutrient intake, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in Korean male collegians as related to smoking situation. One hundred sixty one young adult males at the age of 20-26 participated in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups: non smoker (n=42), light smoker (n=34), moderate smoker (n=49) and heavy smoker (...

In this manuscript, we have analyzed a new time non-integer order smoking model endowed with Caputo fractional type derivative operator. The is composed of four compartmental agents various smokers named as potential smoker, Light Smoker and Quit smoker. first attempt about the qualitative study considered problem along existing result derivation unique solution by application fixed point theor...

conclusions cigarette smoking increased some periodontal indexes including pcr and cal, and reduced bop (p < 0.05). results there was not a significant difference in the prevalence of isolated microorganisms between the smokers and nonsmokers. however, the cigarette smoking group had adverse effect on other periodontal indices including pcr, cal, and bop. the mean pcr and cal were significantly...

BACKGROUND Oral mucosal pigmentation is among the most common findings in smokers, affecting smile esthetics. Passive smoking significantly compromises the health of non-smoker individuals particularly women. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of passive smoking with oral pigmentation in non-smoker women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This historical-cohort study was conducted o...

Background: Results on the environmental influence on unassisted quitting are scarce. We investigated the associations of living with smoker(s) with quitting in Chinese adult smokers. Methods: We examined both cross-sectional and prospective data in the Hong Kong Population Health Survey recruited participants in 2003/04, and followed up to 2006. Unconditional logistic regression yielded adjust...