BACKGROUND The present study aimed at comparing psychological problems between smoker and non-smoker students and also males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 22 faculty members of public and private universities in Tehran were selected through random sampling and 913 students from the same universities were selected through convenient sampling and enrolled in this study with a 2-...

BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to determine the relation of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on continuous-measured hepatic fat fraction (HFF) in a population free of cardiovascular disease. We suggested a direct correlation of alcohol consumption with HFF and increased HFF in former smokers compared to current smokers. METHODS Data from 384 subjects (mean age: 56 years, 58% men...

Previous studies have shown that nicotine can affect beta cell function and insulin secretion in cigarette smokers. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks aerobic exercise on insulin and beta cell function in smokers. In this semi-experimental study with pre and post-training design, a total of 36 adult smoker men aged 41±2.5 years were selected into either exerc...

BACKGROUND In most developed countries the prevalence of smoking habits is decreasing in men, while in women the prevalence seems to decline in Northern Europe but to increase in the Mediterranean area. The present research aims at assessing time trends in smoking habits in Italy. METHODS In the frame of the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) a random sample of the Italian popula...

BACKGROUND Both low and high serum phosphate levels may be associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. As smoking increases risk for type 2 diabetes (as shown by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia), we wanted to study whether smoking and type 2 diabetes were associated with serum phosphate and triglyceride levels independently from other CVD risk factors. METHODS Upon adm...

Background: Few studies have examined individual transitions in smoking status national populations. Methods: A representative sample of 21,970 men and women aged 15-64 were questioned regarding current 12 months ago. Results: 1.6% respondents had started to smoke quit smoking. Becoming a smoker was significantly associated with younger age lower social economic (SES). Among women, many new smo...

ALAN D. DESANTIS is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Kentucky. He is presently researching the ways fraternities and sororities both reinforce and challenge traditional conceptions of masculinity and femininity on college campuses. " The primary function of these arguments was to inoculate regulars from the potential disonance-causing and anxiety-cr...

background: nicotine, cotinine and cadmium are harmful components of cigarettes that have an effect on human reproductive function. although the effects of cigarette smoke on male reproductive function is characterized in several articles its mechanism of action is still unknown. in the present study, we investigate the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cadmium on human sperm creatine kinase act...