The social impact of the EU’s climate policies is usually analysed putting focus on neutrality goals, and not citizens’ well-being. affordability energy efficiency rarely through both running costs investment costs. Unfortunately, when implemented, meet limitations from a number factors, including poverty inequality, share disposable income spent expenditure, low incomes. They population’s abil...

Local government tax and service policies, for reasons including tax competition, spillovers of service benefits, and a limited choice of tax instruments, may not be globally efficient. Policies used by state governments to remedy these inefficiencies include matching grants, mandates, and tax subsidies. We consider an additional strategy the state government may employ to influence local polic...

BackgroundChild labor is one of the challenges among most big cities in the world. In recent years, substance abuse among working, and street children has become a common phenomenon. Thus, in the present study, the protective factors affecting the prevention of substance abuse among Iranian working children were identified by using the social-ecological approach.Materials and MethodsThe partici...

During the twentieth century, the United States has experienced an enormous amount of social policy in the area of substance abuse. Although some would argue that both ideologies and policies have fluctuated significantly over time (e.g., from the punitive law enforcement policies during World War II to the more public health approach of the Kennedy administration), the more punitive approach h...

Social network theory suggests that individuals’ preferences and decisions are affected by the actions of others. Such decision externalities arise from constraints on our ability to process or obtain costly information. This paper provides evidence that managers are influenced by their social peers when making corporate finance policy decisions. I create a matrix of social ties using data on c...

Social host policies focused on underage drinking parties are implemented to reduce social availability of alcohol and high-risk drinking by adolescents in private locations. We examined the policies' relationship with drinking location, peer-group drinking size, heavy episodic drinking, and nonviolent consequences. Cross-sectional data from 11,205, 14-20-year olds, were analyzed using multilev...

by a variety of economic, social, and political policies and forces. These policies and forces—what the WHO describes as the social determinants of health inequities—in turn determine access to life chances and opportunities for health based on social markers of advantage and disadvantage such as race and ethnicity, class, and gender. In this article I explore some of the mechanisms through whi...