introduction: inequalities in urban environment are a significant concern. socioeconomic level plays an important role in these inequalities. inequality in environmental hazards is recognized as potential determinants of health disparities. materials & methods: in this study, we used individual and cumulative environmental hazard inequality indices to compare the inequality among 379 neighborho...

This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological status of Tuberculosis regarding to the socioeconomic characteristics of São José do Rio Preto between 1998 and 2004. Indexes estimated for 432 urban census tracts from the demographic census of 2000, sorted systematically according to the values of socioeconomic factors and grouped into quartiles were taken into account. The socioeconomic charac...

Studies of the causes of fertility levels and their changes often seek to measure directly the impact of socioeconomic factors on fertility. Such procedures have a broad appeal to policymakers, offering as they do to pinpoint mechanisms susceptible to manipulation by official policy. Despite this appeal, such approaches are considerably more problematical in their application. Not infrequently,...

Single-unit recording in monkeys and functional imaging of the human frontal lobe indicate that the supplementary eye field (SEF) and the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved in ocular decision making. To test whether these structures have distinct roles in decision making, single-neuron activity was recorded from each structure while monkeys executed an ocular go/nogo task. The task rule is to...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in zebrafish and subsequently in mouse and hum...

Objectives: Transactional sex (TS) is generally defined as the trading of sex for material goods. Cast within the broader context of prostitution laws, we examined variations in the sociodemographic profile of men who have sex with men engaging in TS by payment direction (buying/selling). Methods: The data were collected as part of the 38-country European Men who have sex with men Internet Surv...

A new way of dynamical understanding of brain function of somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEF) is proposed by using the decorrelation method of independent component analysis (ICA) and our blind identification method of transfer functions based on feedback system theory. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data are analyzed at special frequency by the decorrelation method of ICA, and two compone...

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare variant of fibrosarcoma. It is a mesenchymal neoplasm composed of round to oval cells dispersed in a nestlike or cordlike distribution on a highly collagenous tissue background and is now recognized as a distinct clinical entity. In this report we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of SEF. We focus on the unique histologic and ...

biomechanical properties of soft tissue, such as liver, are important in modeling computer aided surgical procedures. experimental evidences show that liver tissue is transversely isotropic. in this article, considering the liver tissue as an incompressible fiber-reinforced composite with one family of fibers, an exponential strain energy function (sef) is proposed. the proposed sef is based on...

The outcomes of many decisions are uncertain and therefore need to be evaluated. We studied this evaluation process by recording neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) during an oculomotor gambling task. While the monkeys awaited the outcome, SEF neurons represented attributes of the chosen option, namely, its expected value and the uncertainty of this value signal. After the ga...