Introduction Loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is a signature of early osteoarthritis (OA). Although sodium MRI has been shown to correlate linearly with GAG concentration (1, 2), it poses major challenges at clinical magnetic field strengths (1.5T/3.0T) in terms of low signal-to-noise (SNR), poor spatial resolution and long acquisition times due to low natural abundance, low sodium concentratio...

INTRODUCTION Increased lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium has been reported during migraine. We used ultra-high field MRI to investigate cranial sodium in a rat migraine model, and simulated the effects of extracellular sodium on neuronal excitability. METHODS Behavioral changes in the nitroglycerin (NTG) rat migraine model were determined from von Frey hair withdrawal response and photo...

The extent to which the natriuretic effect of a prolonged low dose infusion of atrial natriuretic factor (30 ng/kg/min) is dependent on interference with the prevailing intrarenal actions of angiotensin II was examined before and after blockade of angiotensin production with the converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat (5 mg/kg). Lithium clearance was used to assess proximal tubular sodium and w...

Fast reduction of blood water volume due to ultra-filtration via hemodialysis machine and critical threshold of blood water volume can result in clinical complications such as hypotension. When blood water volume reduces during hemodialysis process, the concentration of blood forming elements will increase. One of the methods for the monitoring of the concentration changes is ultrasonic speed m...

The [3+2] cycloaddition between various nitriles and sodium azide proceeds smoothly in the presence of zeolite and sulfated Zircona as effective catalyst and in the water and DMF/MeOH, to give the corresponding arylaminotetrazoles in good to high yields. The reaction most probably precedes through the in situ formation of a catalyst azide species, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition wi...

The [3+2] cycloaddition between various nitriles and sodium azide proceeds smoothly in the presence of zeolite and sulfated Zircona as effective catalyst and in the water and DMF/MeOH, to give the corresponding arylaminotetrazoles in good to high yields. The reaction most probably precedes through the in situ formation of a catalyst azide species, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition wi...

The [3+2] cycloaddition between various nitriles and sodium azide proceeds smoothly in the presence of zeolite and sulfated Zircona as effective catalyst and in the water and DMF/MeOH, to give the corresponding arylaminotetrazoles in good to high yields. The reaction most probably precedes through the in situ formation of a catalyst azide species, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition wi...

a simple and green synthesis of α-hydroxy phosphonates has been performed by reaction between aldehydes and triethyl phosphite using sodium dodecylphosphonate as anionic surfactant in micellar media under reflux conditions. the novel structures were recognized by 1h nmr, 13c nmr and 31p-nmr. the employ of green media, clean reaction profiles, simple experimental and work up procedures and high ...

To assess the effects of genetic predisposition of essential hypertension on early renal function in recent insulin-dependent diabetics, we studied inulin, para-aminohippuric, sodium, and lithium clearances in 69 unselected diabetics with (n = 20) and without (n = 49) a family history of essential hypertension. Despite similar metabolic control, glomerular filtration rate and mean arterial pres...

Extraction techniques are surface-dependent processes since their kinetic directly depends on the contact area between the sample and the extractant phase. The dispersion of the extractant (liquid or solid) increases this area improving the extraction efficiency. In this article, the dispersion of a nanostructured sorbent at the very low milligram level is achieved by effervescence thanks to th...