in this paper, the effect of surface area of reaction layers in gas diffusion electrodes on oxygen reduction reaction was investigated. for this purpose, various amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and zero %wt of total loading of reaction layer) of single walled carbon nanotube (swcnt) were inserted in the reaction layer. the performance of gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction re...

the starting behavior of a supersonic axisymmetric mixed compression air intake was numerically investigated. the code solves reynolds-averaged navier–stokes equations using an explicit finite volume method in a structured grid by the roe flux difference splitting scheme. further, it uses the baldwin–lomax algebraic model to compute the turbulent viscosity coefficient. the correct method of sur...

in this research iron manganese oxide nanocomposites were prepared by co-precipitation, sol-gel and mechanochemical methods by using iron (iii) nitrate, iron (ii) sulfate and manganese (ii) nitrate as starting materials. these nanocomposites were prepared in the presence of various catalyst beds. the polyvinyl pyrrolidon (pvp) was used as a capping agent to control the agglomeration of the nano...

the human blood basal glucose level is a completely controlled range. information on the relationship between culture glucose concentration and changes in the cell's surface area, volume and surface area to volume (s/v) ratio are lacking. cancerous epithelial-like cell lines sw480, sw742 and t-47d were cultured in mediums nourished with 4.7 mm per liter of glucose as the control group and three...

physical properties of fruits and vegetables are the subject of many researches because of its importance in designing of agricultural machinery. banana fruit is one of important fruit. in this study some physical properties of banana fruit (cavendish variety) were determined. properties which were measured included weight of whole fruit peel and pulp weight, dimensions, surface area and projec...

The purpose of this study was to determine thc body surface arca (BSA) based on the alginate method to derive fbrmulae for estirnating BSA, and to compare the error of the present fbnnula to prcvious forrnulas obtained from other countries, We directly measured thc entire body surfacc area of 34 males (20-60 years old, l58,5-187.5 cm in height, 48.5-103.1 kg in body weight) and 31 females (20-6...

A local method for estimating surface area and surface area measure of three-dimensional objects from discrete binary images is presented. A weight is assigned to each 2 × 2 × 2 configuration of voxels and the total surface area of an object is given by summation of the local area contributions. The method is based on an exact asymptotic result that holds for increasing resolution of the digiti...

Estimating the extent of an animal's exterior surface, and its interface with the environment, is of prime importance in thermal biology. Regardless of the mode of transfer, heat fluxes across an animal's surface are often calculated as intensive quantities (e.g. W/m?) and converted to values for a particular animal by multiplying by surface area. Thus, the accuracy of heat-transfer estimates m...

In this paper, we propose a 3D shape similarity measurement method using the surface skeleton of a voxelized 3D shape. A set of features are extracted from the skeleton by combining the skeleton and the distance map of the subject. The distribution of these extracted features is used to represent the 3D shape. Two 3D shapes can be compared with a similarity score computed from the distance betw...