Direct or indirect methods can be used to determine the DE and ME of feed ingredients for pigs. In situations when only the indirect approach is suitable, the regression method presents a robust indirect approach. Three experiments were conducted to compare the direct and regression methods for determining the DE and ME values of barley, sorghum, and wheat for pigs. In each experiment, 24 barro...

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. In 2013, this species was reported in Brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. Aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on th...

The effects of crop rotation and the nematicides 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), ethoprop, and fenamiphos on the relative frequency of Meloidogyne incognita race 3, M. arenaria race 2, and M. javanica and tobacco yields on a sandy loam soil were determined. Cropping sequences altered the species composition and population densities of Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita predomin...

Lignin is an essential structural component of all land plants. It fills spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Lignin provides the strength to plants from giant Sequoia trees to alfalfa growing in hay fields. A good analogy is that lignin is like the steel reinforcing rods in concrete. Life on earth would not be possible without lignin to allow plants to grow upr...

Two hundred forty crossbred yearling steers (836 ± 41 lb) were blocked by weight and used in a completely randomized design study intended to determine the effects of three levels of alfalfa hay (7.5, 10, and 12.5%) in steam-flaked corn (SFC) based finishing diets containing 25% wet distiller’s grains (WDG) derived from sorghum. Inclusion of WDG tended to increase DMI (P = 0.17), reduce ADG (P ...

Crossbred steers (n = 7; 400 kg BW), fitted with T-type cannulas in the duodenum and ileum, were used to examine the effects of processing method, dry-rolled (DR) vs. steam-flaked (SF) sorghum grain, and degree of processing (flake density; FD) of SF corn (SFC) and SF sorghum (SFS) grain on site and extent of DM, starch, and N digestibilities and to measure extent of microbial N flow to the duo...

Creating conditions that enhance the abundance of resident populations of natural enemies in agroecosystems is considered critical to the efficiency of biological control of insect pests. We conducted a study to determine the potential of relay-intercropping for enhancing the abundance of aphidophagous lady beetles in sorghum. A relay-intercropping system consisting of alfalfa, winter wheat, an...

Cereal Chem. 65(4):271-277 Sorghum grains (12 samples from seven different lines or hybrids) with phenylalanine, and glutamine plus glutamic acid, remained constant for total nitrogen, N, content ranging from 1.5 to 3 g/ 100 g grain dry matter serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and asparagine plus aspartic acid, and were accurately analyzed for their amino acid composition from six decreased for the...

This chapter provides a description of the testing procedures used to analyze the corn and sorghum samples collected for this report. Suggestions for how to interpret the test results presented and descriptions of the statistical tests utilized are also provided. Additional resources on the developments in rapid testing technologies for grain are available at the U.S. Grains Council web site (w...

greatest proportion of the beneficial effects of crop rotation, but other factors, including reduced weed, disease, Increased N availability is often associated with the beneficial efand insect problems, can also be important. fects of rotating grain and legume crops. Our objective was to utilize yield response data from two long-term studies to determine the Corn is now commonly grown in a 2-y...