Snakes lack both an outer ear and a tympanic middle ear, which in most tetrapods provide impedance matching between the air and inner ear fluids and hence improve pressure hearing in air. Snakes would therefore be expected to have very poor pressure hearing and generally be insensitive to airborne sound, whereas the connection of the middle ear bone to the jaw bones in snakes should confer acut...

For the evaluation of soundscape the perception by the human being with respect to the auditory sensation is very important, which is also influenced by expectation, experience and context. The well-known A-weighted sound pressure level is a suitable predictor at higher levels to estimate a possible damage of the human hearing by sound. But at lower sound pressure levels annoyance cannot be suf...