An adjoint-based Navier–Stokes design and optimization method for two-dimensional multi-element high-lift configurations is derived and presented. The compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are used as a flow model together with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model to account for high Reynolds number effects. When a viscous continuous adjoint formulation is used, the necessary ...

We present a practical approach for the numerical solution of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods. Turbulence is modeled by the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) one-equation model. We introduce an artificial viscosity model for SA equation which is aimed at accommodating high-order RANS approximations on grids which would otherwise be too co...

The air layer formation in a high Reynolds-number flat plate turbulent boundary layer is simulated using a two-phase sharp interface Cartesian grid solver. The interface is tracked by a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method (CLSVOF) and turbulence is modeled by a Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model with a wall function (WF) approach. The air layer along the entire test plate is succes...

Shell and tube heat exchangers are used to transfer thermal energy from one medium another for regulating fluid temperatures in the processing pasteurizing industries. Enhancement of a rate is desired maximize efficiency shell exchangers. In this research work, we performed computational dynamics (CFD) simulations experimental analysis on using round hexagonal tubes range flow velocities both p...

Numerical simulations based on a high-order discontinuous Galerkin solver were performed to investigate two-dimensional flapping foils at moderate Reynolds numbers, moving with different prescribed harmonic motion laws. A Spalart–Allmaras RANS model and without an algebraic local transition modification was employed for the resolution of multiple kinematic configurations, considering both moder...

The aerodynamic performance of the high-lift configuration greatly influences safety and economy commercial aircraft. Accurately predicting configuration, especially stall behavior, is important for aircraft design. However, complex flow phenomena configurations pose substantial difficulties to current turbulence models. In this paper, a three-equation k-(v^2)-{\omega} model Reynolds-averaged N...

Low-fidelity methods such as the Blade Element Momentum Theory frequently provide rotor aerodynamic performances. However, these must be coupled to databases or correlations compute heat transfer. The literature lacks average transfer around airfoil. present study develops for an over smooth and rough correlation coefficients were obtained from a CFD database using RANS equations Spalart–Allmar...

Adaptive morphing trailing edge wings have the potential to reduce the fuel burn of transport aircraft. In this paper, we quantify the aerodynamic performance benefits of a morphing trailing using aerodynamic design optimization. The aerodynamic model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier– Stokes equations with a Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used i...

The effect of a wind gust on the aerodynamic characteristics of a rigid wing undergoing insect-based flapping motion is studied numerically. The turbulent flow near the flapping wing is described by the 3-D unsteady compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The governing equations are solved using a second-order node-centered finite volum...

Accurate simulation of turbulent flow with separation is an important but challenging problem. In this paper, a data-driven Reynolds-averaged turbulence modeling approach, field inversion and machine learning implemented to modify the Spalart–Allmaras model separately on three cases, namely, S809 airfoil, periodic hill GLC305 airfoil ice shape 944. Field based discrete adjoint method used quant...